BRONCHIOLITI

S
DR ATIQUR RAHMAN KHAN
PAEDIATRICIAN
NNGH, KSA
BRONCHIOLITIS

An acute inflammatory injury of the 

bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral
.infection
It may occur in persons of any age but severe 
.symptoms are usually evident in young infants
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Runny nose, stuffy nose, cough and fever 

Difficulty of breathing, wheezes, otitis media 

Vomiting 

Audible wheezing sound 

Tachypnea (more than 60 breaths per minute) 

Labored breathing 

Slluggish or lethargic appearance 

Refusal to drink or eat 

Cyanosis 
CAUSES
Respiratory Syncytial Virus> 

Rhinovirus 

Parainfluenza Virus 

Influenza Virus 

Adenovirus 

Human Metapnemovirus 

Bocavirus 

Corona Virus 

Measles Virus 
RISK FACTORS

Premature Birth 
An underlying heart or lung condition 
A depressed immune system 
Exposure to tobacco smoke 
Never having been breast-feed 
Living in crowded environment 
Contact with multiple children 
COMPLICATIONS

Cyanosis 
Apnea 
Dehydration 
Low oxygen levels 
Respiratory failure 
PREVENTION

.Limit contact with people who have fever and cold 

.Clean and disinfect surfaces 
.Cover cough and sneezes 
.Use your own drinking glass 
.Wash hands often 
Breast-feed 

Annual flu shot 

 INVESTIGATONS

Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) 

Pulse oximetry should be recorded on all patients 
Chest radiography is not routinely required but should be considered after a sudden clinical deterioration 
Blood test are not routinely required 
FBC/cultures may be performed if sepsis suspected 
Blood gases may be useful if advanced respiratory support is being considered 
 MANAGEMENT

Supportive management 

Oxygenation 

Apnea monitoring 

Feeding 

Nebulized hypertonic saline 

Bronchodilators 

inhaled / oral corticosteroids 

?Antibiotics 

Ribavirin 