Earth’s Dynamic Atmosphere

Monsoon

- Is a prevailing seasonal wind. It blows from the

southwest between May and September, or from
the northeast between October and April.
- Common in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Summer monsoon (Southwest monsoon)
- Locally called habagat
- Strong breeze coming from the southwest, this
breeze brings a significant amount of rainfall
Winter monsoon (Northeast monsoon)
- Locally known as amihan
- Brings less strong, cool, and dry breeze coming
from the northeast
- Expect cloudless days when amihan reaches the
Philippines.
Amihan – is accompanied by cool and dry air, which
comes from Siberia, Northern China and Mongolia. This
is why it is still cold in the Philippines even until January
to February.
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- a low pressure zone where the northeast trade winds and the
southeast trade winds meet or convergence.
- also known as doldrums
- the belt located along the 5° south or 5° north in the world map
Trade Winds
- the winds coming from the horse latitude
- named trade winds because they swiftly
propel trading ship across the ocean
- has a speed of about 17.7 – 20.9 kmph
- happens only on the north or south of the
equator and it follows the direction of the Sun.
Sea Breeze
- during the day, the land surface warms up faster than
the water surface, resulting to a temperature difference. The
warm air from the land rises, that creates low pressure, while the
cool air from the water moves toward the land
Land Breeze
- during the night, the land surface cools more
quickly than the water surface, causing the temperature in the
land surface to decrease faster. The warm air above the water
rises, then a low pressure is created over the water surface.
The cool air from above the land moves toward the water
surface,
 How Weather System Affects the Philippines
• Habagat brings in significant amount of rainfall in the Philippines.
• The rain helps irrigate the rice fields, farmlands and dry forests.
• Too much rain can cause flooding that happens in low-lying areas.

• In August 2016, excessive rain was recorded in Manila having more than half the
average amount of rainfall for August.
• In Dagupan City, 91% of the expected rainfall had already fallen over the city.
• In Coron, Palawan, the recorded rainfall was 97%of the expected rainfall which
just happened in seven days.