ARISTOTELIAN BEING

AND BECOMING
Being encapsulates such notions as
nature and essence, about being true to
ourselves, to our individual capacities
and in all what we do. Becoming adds
to the idea of being a sense of future
and holds the notions of
transformation.
 FOUR CAUSES
BY: ARISTOTLE

1. The material cause

2. The formal cause
3. The efficient cause
4. The final cause
 MATERIAL CAUSE

“That out of which it is made”

Example:

• The bronze of a statue

• The silver of the bowl
• The genera of which the bronze and the silver
are species
 FORMAL CAUSE

“The form, the account of what it is to be”

Example:

• The shape of statue

• The arrangement of a syllable
• The functional structure of machine or an
organism
 EFFICIENT CAUSE

“The primary source of the change or rest”

Example:

• The artisan
• The art of bronze casting in the statue
• The man who gives advise
• The father of the child
 FINAL CAUSE

“The end, that for the sake which a thing is

done”

Example:

• Health is the end of the following things:

Walking, losing weight, purging, drugs
SYNTHESIS
 WHAT IS SYNTHESIS?

It describes what it is that we must do

to form and develop our practical
values and ends. It is also describes
what we must do to act at all, given our
freedom. And it also describes what we
must do to harmonise our freedom with
that of others.