ENERGY CHANGES IN

CHEMICAL
REACTIONS

JOHNCY MORADA, LPT

GEN CHEM II
THERMOCHEMISTRY

• Study of energy or heat

flow that accompanies
a chemical reaction and
physical transformation
WHAT IS HEAT?

• Form of energy
transfer between two
objects as a result of
their difference in
temperature
 “ISARA MO ‘YUNG PINTO, LALABAS YUNG
LAMIG!”
 HOW DOES HEAT MOVES?

• It flows from a
hotter object to a
cooler one until
thermal
equilibrium is
reached
IF A CUP OF COFFEE AND A RED POPSICLE WERE LEFT ON THE
TABLE IN THIS ROOM WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THEM? WHY?
 IN UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF
HEAT….

• System vs. Surrounding

• system= part of universe being studied

• Surrounding= includes everything else in the

universe
HOT COFFEE WITH A TEASPOON

System= Coffee

Surroundings= everything that is

directly in contact with the system

Ex: the tea spoon, cup, the air above

the surface of the liquid

Surrounding = absorbs energy

 HEAT IS REPRESENT BY Q..

• When heat flows

from the system
to surroundings,
q is negative
 HEAT IS REPRESENT BY Q..

• When system
absorbs heat from
the surroundings, q
is positive
 FOR PHYSICAL CHANGES….

• Endothermic
results into
melting
 FOR PHYSICAL CHANGES….

•Exothermic
reaction
results into
freezing
 FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS…

• Mixing barium
hydroxide and
ammonium chloride
causes an
endothermic reaction
 IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS..

• Combustion of
gasoline is
exothermic because
it produces heat
 IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Photosynthesis is
endothermic
reaction
 IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• Cellular respiration
is exothermic
because it breaks
glucose to produce
energy
HEAT TRANSFER METHODS

• Heat transfers in three ways:

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
CONDUCTION

• transfer of energy from the

more energetic to less
energetic particles of a
substance due to
interaction between the
particles.
CONDUCTORS
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CONDUCTION?

• When you heat a metal strip at one end, the

heat travels to the other end.
As you heat a conductor, the particles vibrate, these vibrations
make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on.
 HOW DO CONDUCTORS CONDUCT HEAT?

The outer electron of metal atoms drift, and are free

to move
 When the metal is heated, this ‘sea of
electrons’ gain kinetic energy and transfer
it throughout the metal
•Insulators, such as wood and
plastic do not have this ‘sea of
electrons’ which is why they
do not conduct heat as well as
metals
WHY DOES METAL FEEL COLDER THAN
WOOD, IF THEY ARE BOTH AT THE SAME
TEMPERATURE?
• Metal conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood does not
conduct the heat away from your hands as well as the metal, so
the wood feels warmer than the metal.
CONVECTION
• Convection is a transfer of
heat related to the
movement that occurs within
a fluid due to the rising of
hotter materials paired with
the sinking of colder
materials.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE PARTICLES IN A
LIQUID OR A GAS WHEN YOU HEAT THEM?

The particles spread out and become less dense.

FLUID MOVEMENT
Cooler, more dense,
fluids sink through
warmer, less dense
fluids.

In effect, warmer
liquids and gases rise
up.

Cooler liquids and

gases sink.
CONVECTION CURRENT
WHAT TO DO DURING FIRE?
HOW DO EARTH KEEPS IT OUTER CORE IN
LIQUID FORM?
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the Earth?
There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT
travel by conduction or
by convection.

RADIATION
?
RADIATION

Radiation is the transfer

of heat by means of
electromagnetic waves