URINARY TRAC INFACTION

• DEFENITION

• A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection of the urinary tract. The infection can occur at different
points in the urinary tract, including
• Kidneys
• , bladder,
• ureters,
• and urethra
 Types of urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• The different types of UTI can include:

• cystitis – infection of the bladder. Cystitis is the most common lower urinary tract infection
• urethritis – infection of the urethra
• pyelonephritis – infection of the kidneys
• vaginitis – infection of the vagina.
 COUSES OF UTI

• Urine contains fluids, salts and waste products but is sterile or free of bacteria, viruses and other
disease-causing organisms

• A UTI occurs when bacteria from another source, such as the nearby anus, gets into the urethra. The
most common bacteria found to cause UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. coli). Other bacteria can cause UTI,
but E. coli is the culprit about 90 percent of the time.
 SING AND SYMPTOMS

• Passing only small amounts of urine at a time

• Loss of urine control
• Feeling the need to urinate
• Burning sensation during urination
• Change color of urine-Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — signs of blood in the
urine
• Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic
bone
• Pain and tenderness in the upper back and sides
• Chills
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
 RISK FACTORS

Some people are at higher risk of getting a UTI. UTIs are more common in females because their urethras
are shorter and closer to the rectum. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.
Other factors that can increase the risk of UTIs:
• A previous UTI
• Sexual activity
• Changes in the bacteria that live inside the vagina, or vaginal flora. For example, menopause or the use
of spermicides can cause these bacterial changes.
• Pregnancy
• Age (older adults and young children are more likely to get UTIs)
• Structural problems in the urinary tract, such as enlarged prostate
• Poor hygiene, for example, in children who are potty-training
• Catheter use
 COMPLICATION

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• Repeated infections,

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• Permanent kidney damage from a kidney infection due to an untreated UTI.

d ue
• Delivering a low birth weight or premature infant when a UTI occurs during pregn

tion
• Sepsis

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• A narrowed urethra in men from having repeated infections of the urethra

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diagnosis
is made by history, physical examination, urine routine and culture sensitivity, Imaging studies including
Ultrasound and CT scanismade by
history,
physical examination,
urine routine and culture sensitivity
, Imaging studies including Ultrasound and CT scan
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treatment
Ampicillin
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Fosfomycin (Monurol)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Macrobid)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
 PREVENTION

• Drink plenty of liquids, especially water Drink

• hygiene and cleanliness
• Do not hold urine for long periods of time
• Change your birth control method. Diaphragms,
• Avoid drinks that may irritate your bladder. Avoid coffee, alcohol
• Empty your bladder soon after having sex. A