Body Control and

Response

Prepared by: S’ Julius S. Dela Cruz

OBJECTIVES
at the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;

a. identify the process of body control and response

b. differentiate the four functions of the Nervous System;
and
c. give example of body control and response
QUESTION:
1. Have you ever encountered or reacted to extreme fear
from, say, almost being hit by a car?
QUESTION:
1. Have you ever encountered or
reacted to extreme fear from, say,
almost being hit by a car?

You probably reacted with an

immediate response by running to
the side of the street to avoid the
accident. Perhaps you may have
wondered how your body enabled
you to move so fast and make that
very quick decision.
In adverse situation that require you to act
immediately, your alert senses report all the
necessary information about the event to your
brain. The brain then interprets the
information as a threat and quickly electrical
signals through selected nerves.Since this
important event requires afast reaction, your
body is quicker means a communication takes
into a form of the electrical nerve impulses,
Sending an urgent message to your leg
muscles to move, commanding them to
contract quickly, a speeding car is heading this
way.
In addition, the electrical signals the nerves
also controlled endocrine glands in your
body that produce the needed hormones.
The hormones then trigger a sudden rush
emotion.
Causing your heart rate to increase and
your lungs to work harder, preparing your
muscle for immediate action to move your
feet. Your body remains prepared for any
trouble until the brain is stopped sending
out dangerous signals then. When the
endocrine glands respond, your body
begins to calm down.
 The nervous system controls an interprets all the activities that
happen in the body. It enables you to move, think, love, feel pain or
savor the food. It makes the body respond quickly to changes in the
environment by accomplishing four basic functions as shown.
 The extraordinary amount of information that the body
receies at any one time splashed through the nervous
system in the form of million of messages. These messages
bring information about what is happening inside and
outside the body. The itch on the scalp, the sad news heard,
or the smell of fried chicken.
 Almost immediately, the nervous system tells the other parts
of the body parts what to do.
• scratch the itch, cry
• salivate profusely
While the body doing these activities, the nerous system also
monitors
• breathing
• blood pressure
• body temperature
Even during sleep, the nervous system is very active. It monitors
the and adjusts internal process and checks the outside
environment for any danger.
 The nervous system would
then respond to the
weather by prompting one
to take off his or her
sweater when it is hot or
wear warm clothing when
the weather is cold.
The nervous system keeps the body working properly,
despite the constant changes that takes place around it.
These changes are called stimuli (singular: stimulus.
Imagine this situation: A fly is moving
towards your eye, and you quickly and
automatically blink to avoid eye damage. In
this case, the fly zooming towards you is the
stimulus and the blinking is the response.
NEURON: The Message- Carrying
Unit of the Nervous Unit
The nervous system is constantly
active.
It buzzes with messages running to
and from every part of the body.

Every second, hundreds of these

messages are carried by strings of
special cells called neurons or nerve
cells.

NEURONS-are the basic functional

units of structure of the nervous
system, they carry information
through the nervous system in the
form of nerve impulses.
Neurons are unique because,
unlike most cells in the body , they
do not reproduce . Once damaged ,
neurons cannot be replaced . This
highlight the importance of taking
care of the nervous system.
 PARTS OF THE NEURON
Although neurons come in all shapes and sizes, they share certain
characteristics or features. Like other cells in the body, a neuron
has also a nucleus, a cytoplasm (axoplasm in neuron) and
organelles.
 Cell body- that he contains the
nucleus (a large dark structure),
which controls all the activities of
the cell. It is the switchboard of the
message carrying neuron.