Social Science

and

Philosopy
Presented by: GROUP 3
TOPICS
• AMERICAN
COLONIAL
LAND LAWS
AND POST-
COLONIAL
LAND LAWS
• INDIGENOUS
FILIPINO
SPIRITUALITY
 INDIGENOUS FILIPINO
General concepts
SPRITUALITY
• Indigenous peoples have rich spiritual traditions that often reflect their deep
connection with nature and respect for ancestral wisdom. These beliefs can vary
widely across different cultures but generally share common themes of
interconnectedness, harmony, and reverence for all living beings.
 Respect for nature and the environment

MANY INDIGENOUS FILIPINOS BELIEVE THAT ALL LIVING

THINGS HAVE SPIRITS AND THAT HUMANS MUST LIVE IN
HARMONY WITH NATURE. THIS INCLUDES HONORING THE
LAND, RESPECTING WILDLIFE, AND TAKING ONLY WHAT IS
NEEDED FROM THE FOREST.

Ancestor worship
INDIGENOUS FILIPINOS OFTEN HONOR THEIR ANCESTORS
THROUGH RITUALS AND OFFERINGS, BELIEVING THAT THEY
CONTINUE TO PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE LIVES OF THEIR
DESCENDANTS.
 Belief in spiritual beings
There are various spiritual beings
believed to exist in indigenous
Filipino cosmology, such as the
"anitos" (small gods) and the
"diwata" (fairies). These beings are
thought to possess certain powers
and abilities and can be called
upon for assistance or protection.
Shamanism
In some indigenous Filipino
cultures, shamans serve as
mediators between the physical
world and the spirit realm. They
may perform healing rituals,
Rituals and ceremonies divination, and other forms of
spiritual work.
Many indigenous Filipino
communities practice various rituals
and ceremonies throughout the year,
such as harvest festivals, new moon
celebrations, and initiation rites for
young people. These events often
involve singing, dancing, and
offering gifts to the spirits.
 IGOROT
The Igorot people of the
Cordillera Mountains in
northern Luzon have a rich
tradition of animism,
believing that all things -
including rocks, trees, and
animals - possess spirits.
They also honor their
ancestors through elaborate
rituals and offerings.
MANGYAN
The Mangyan people of
Mindoro Island believe in
a complex pantheon of
deities and spirits, and they
practice a form of
shamanism known as
"buntog." Buntog priests
supernatural forces. They
use chanting, drumming,
perform rituals for various
and dance to communicate
with the spirits and seek
guidance for the
community.
BABAYLAN PAGDIWAT
A
Traditional priests or AN ANCIENT TAGALOG
THANKSGIVING
shamanic practitioners CEREMONY HELD AFTER
who serve as A BOUNTIFUL HARVEST.
intermediaries between OFFERINGS ARE GIVEN TO
DIWATAS (NATURE
human beings and SPIRITS) THROUGH
CHANTS, DANCES, AND
SYMBOLIC ACTS
INVOLVING FLORA AND
purposes including
FAUNA FOUND WITHIN
healing, divination, and THE COMMUNITY'S
protection against evil ENVIRONMENT.
spirits.
 AMERICAN COLONIAL
LAND LAWS
BACKGROUND
THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE
PHILIPPINES BEGAN WHEN THE UNITED STATES
TOOK CONTROL OF THE ISLANDS FROM SPAIN
FOLLOWING THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR IN 1898
UNTIL PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE WAS GRANTED
IN 1946. DURING THIS TIME, SEVERAL LAND LAWS
WERE ENACTED BY THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
THAT HAD SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON PROPERTY
OWNERSHIP AND LAND USE
Cariño's Law (Act
No. 320/1901)
Also known as Act No. 320 or "An Act
Providing for the Registration of Land
Titles," it established a system of
registration for all lands in the country.
This law aimed at clarifying land titles,
resolving disputes between claimants, and
protecting private property rights. It
required registering existing properties
within five years after its passage, failing
which would result in forfeiture.

Ley Hidalgo (1863
- A law abolishing tribute (head
taxes) paid by indigenous peoples
in exchange for being granted full
citizenship rights as hidalgos
(noble people). This measure
intended to integrate native
populations into mainstream
society but had limited success
due to socioeconomic disparities
between them and European
settlers.
Mañila Waterworks Act (1874
Passed by the Philippine
Commission under Governor
General Claveria, authorized
funds for constructing an
aqueduct system providing
potable water supply
throughout Manila City which
improved public health
standards significantly among
residents there at time when
sanitation issues plagued
many urban areas globally .
Jones Law (Philippines
Organic Act; 1916
Enacted by Congress granting Filipinos
a significant degree of self-governance
while maintaining ultimate control
over local affairs through appointed
officials sent from Washington D.C., it
established legislative powers separate
from those exercised by Americans
living or doing business on islands
within Philippine archipelago territory..
The act also made English official
language replacing Castilian Spanish
used previously along with Tagalog
becoming dominant vernacular spoken
today across country regions .
 Residential Land Allotment
System (RLAS)
Implemented after World War II aimed at
addressing widespread poverty,
unemployment, and lack of access to
housing following Japan's occupation of the
Philippines. Under this program, qualified
applicants were provided small plots of
residential lands free or at nominal costs
subject certain conditions like residency
requirements, size limits etcetera...However
its effectiveness varied depending upon
political influence exerted onto government
agencies responsible for implementation
thus leading uneven distribution results
nationwide impacting poorer segments
disproportionately more than others elites
enjoying better opportunities due their
connections networks formed locally
regionally internationally even
postcolonially nowadays
Public Domain Act
(1907
A law governing disposal process under
which public domain lands belonging
Government became available sale lease
patent application approved Commission
established manage such sales
transactions issuance titles purchasers
fulfilling qualifications criteria set forth
statute regulating ownership transfer
procedures between parties involved
dealings conducted open competitive
bidding auctions rather arbitrary
allocations favoritism nepotism
competition markets emerged late 18th early
corruption practices prevalent earlier
times spanish colonization era when
privileges granted mostly european
settlers ignoring indigenous inhabitants
claims ancestral rights over vast tracts
fertile arable farmlands mineral resources
abundant islands archipelago territory
The Tenancy Acts
Passed during period American Colonial
Rule intended reform agrarian sector
plagued various issues caused by outdated
labor tenure arrangements still persisting
remnants Spanish colonial system. These
laws aimed provide security tenure peasant
cultivators reducing landlord exploitation
abuse while encouraging modernization
agricultural techniques production methods
increasing productivity efficiency boosting
overall economic development growth
potential country regions then lagging
behind international standards global
19th centuries industrial revolution
technological advancements innovations
taking place across world transforming
socioeconomic structures societies
communities living therein differently
compared past traditional ways life existed
prior those changes happened
 CONCLUSIONS
• In conclusion, it is important to note that although America did not directly apply
its existing Colonial Land Laws in the Philippines, U.S. administrators during
this period were instrumental in shaping land ownership policies through
legislative acts like Ley Hidalgo (1863), Mañila Waterworks Act (1874), Jones
Law (Philippines Organic Act; 1916), Public Domain Act (1907), RLAS, and
Tenancy Acts. These laws attempted to address various issues related to agrarian
reform, public domain management, residential housing, and tenure security for
peasant cultivators. However, they also contributed to perpetuating
socioeconomic disparities between indigenous people and European settlers,
ultimately limiting their effectiveness in promoting equitable development across
Philippine society. It is evident that there remains a need for continued efforts
towards more inclusive land governance frameworks which prioritize the rights
and welfare of marginalized communities within the archipelago.
 MEMBERS

01 02 03

JAY-AR P COTERO FRITZ ANDREW DONITA MAE

CARDINAL CARTAGENA
JOHN LLOYD
MARK ANTHONY RODEL DELOS
BORCA
ELIZARES REYES
Thank's For Listening