General Introduction and Basic Manipulation

推拿概论及基本手法
General Introduction
and Basic Manipulation
Yan runhu 闫润虎

Dalian Medical University
E-mail ： tcmyrh@126.com
TEL ： 13504950351
一、中国推拿简史
Section1 An Outline
概
A Brief Account of
Chinese Massage
说
Brief Account of Chinese
Massage
1 、中国推拿源远流长。早在新石
器时代晚期（约公元前 2700 年），
中华祖先就总结了原始推拿经验，
使推拿这一起源于人类自卫防御
本能的自发医疗行为，逐步发展
成为人类的医学模式。
Massage
1 、 Chinese massage has a long history and
dates back to the ancient times. As early as
the late period of the New Stone Age around
2700 B.G., the Chinese ancestors primarily
summed up the primitive experiences in
massage. This turned the spontaneous
medical behavior that originated from self-
defence instinct into a medical mode for the
early human race .
Massage
据《史书》记载，黄帝时代的
名医俞跗，已将“案扤”这一古
代推拿术应用于临床。
Massage
It was recorded in Statesman, Patriot
and general in Ancient China that a
famous doctor in the reign of Emperor
Huang Yu Fu had applied the antient
massage technique “anwu” to his
clinical practice .
Massage
2 、殷商时期，原始巫医盛行。
在出土的殷商甲骨文卜辞中，
就有女巫婢为人按摩治病的记
录。
Massage
2 、 At the time of the Shang dynasty,
primitive witch doctors ran rampant. It
was recorded in the unearthed oracle
inscriptions on bones or tortois shells of
the Shang Dynasty that the female
witch doctor Bi could treat the patients
with massage.
Massage
3 、春秋战国时期，昔日的巫医流
入民间，逐渐变成操有实际医疗技
术的医者。这一社会变革促进了包
括推拿术在内的古代医学的发展。
Massage
3 、 In the time of the Spring and
Autumn,those witch doctors of the old
days came among the people and
gradually became doctors with practical
medical skills.This social change
promoted the development of antient
medicine,with no exception of massage.
Massage
如在命名上，当时已将用手抑压
和揉抚的疗法称为“按摩”；将使
患者屈伸手足、呼吸俯仰的疗法，
称为“导引”、“跷引”；两法合
用，则称为“按跷”或“挢摩”。
Massage
Take medical terminology for example,the
treatment with hand pressing,kneading and
stroking was then called “massage”; the
treatment of making the patients flex and extend
their hands and feet and breath in prone or
supine position was called “leading” or
“stepping” while the combination of the two
manipulations was called “pressing and stepping
’’or “stepping and rubbing”.
Massage
4 、至秦、汉、三国时期，诞生
了我国也是世界医学史上第一部
按摩专著——《黄帝歧伯按摩经》
十卷，可惜此书已佚。东汉医圣
张仲景在《伤寒杂病论》中，首
倡“膏摩”疗法。
Massage
4 、 Up to the dynasties of Qin,Han and Three
Kingdoms,there had been invented in the earlier
times,contributing greatly to the publication of
the first medical book on massage, not only in
the history of China and but also in the history
of the world, ten volumes of Classics on
Massage of Yellow Emperor and Qi Bo.
Massage
Unfortunately this book was lost.
Later,Zhang Zhongjing,a medical saint of the
Eastern Han Dynasty, put forward for the
first time the “gaomo” treatment in his book
Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous
Diseases.
5 、两晋南北朝时期，膏摩术有
了进一步的发展。
5 、 The period of Eastern and

WESTERN Jins and Northern and
Southern Dynasties saw great
development in gaomo therapy.
Massage
6 、隋唐时期是中国推拿的盛世。如隋太医
署内设有按摩博士职位，负责日常医疗与教
学工作。唐太医署内增设按摩科，把按摩医
生分为按摩博士、按摩师和按摩工的等级。
此期的自我按摩与膏摩疗法亦得到更广泛地
应用和进一步地提高。
Massage
6 、 Sui and Tang Dynasties were a
flourishing age for Chinese massage. In
the Office of the Imperial Physicians of
the Sui Dynasty, a massage doctor was
authorized to be in charge of daily
medical treatment and teaching affairs.
Massage
A massage speciality was set up in the
Office of the Imperial Physicians of the
Tang Dynasty and the massagists were
classified as massage doctors, massagists
and massage workers. At that time, self-
massage and gaomo therapy were more
extensively used and raised to a high
level.
Massage
7 、宋、金、元时期，政府的医疗机构中虽
未设按摩科，单仍设按摩博士职位。由于此
期的按摩疗法主要用于骨伤科和小儿病证的
治疗，这就孕育了后世推拿学中正骨推拿与
小儿推拿的分科分化。
Massage
7 、 Though there is no massage
department in the medical
organizations of the government in
the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties,
the title of massage doctor
remained unchanged.
Massage
Owing to the fact that the massotherapy
of this period was used mainly for the
treatment of bone injuries and infantile
illnesses, massage afterwards was
divided into bone-setting massage and
massage for treating infantile diseases.
Massage
8 、明代是中国推拿史上的第二个盛世。在
按摩治疗小儿疾病方面，初步积累了丰富的
临床经验和理论知识。至 1601 年，中国第
一部小儿推拿专著——《小儿按摩经》问世。
此外，我们今天采用的“按摩”这一学科名
称，正是这一时期首先提出来的。
Massage
8 、 The Ming Dynasty was the second
age for Chinese massage to flourish in its
long history of development. Rich
clinical experience and theoretical
knowledge were gradually accumulated
in the treatment of infantile diseases with
massage during this time .
Massage
In 1601,China’s first treatise on massage
therapy of infantile diseases The Canon of
Massage for Children came into
being.Furthermore “massage”, the term we
use today to refer to this academic
branch,was put forward right in this period.
Massage
9 、清朝小儿推拿又得到了进一步
的发展，出现了一批著名的小儿推
拿医师和对后世影响较大的小儿推
拿专著，如骆如龙的《幼科推拿秘
书》。
Massage
In the Qing Dynasty,child massage was
further developed. There emerged a
number of famous doctors of child
massage and such professional classics
which greatly influenced the generations
as Luo Rulong’s Secrets of Massage of
Pediatric Speciality.
Massage
此外，清代推拿医师在运用推拿治疗伤
科疾病方面，取得了令人注目的成就。如
《医宗金鉴》一书，将摸、接、端、提、按、
摩、推、拿列为伤科八法。伤科推拿这一推
拿分支，此期已基本形成。
Massage
In addition,the massagists of Qing
Dynasty made striking achievements in
treating injuries with massage. Take the
book The Golden Mirror of Medicine for
example which regarded the following
manipulations as the eight methods for
treating injuries: touching 摸 , reuniting
接 , holding 端 , lifting 提 , pressing 按 ,
rubbing 摩 , pushing 推 and grasping 拿 .
The branch of injury massage had
basically taken shape in this period.
Massage
10 、近百年来，中国推拿得到了很大发
展。 1956 年，中国上海开办了第一届推拿训练
班； 1958 年又成立了上海推拿门诊部；同年，
又开设了推拿专科学校。
1974 年，上海中医学院首先成立针灸推拿
骨伤系，后又专设推拿系；嗣后，北京、安徽、
南京、福建、浙江、山东等地的中医学院相继
设立了推拿专业， 1987 年，全国推拿学会成立。
Massage
10 、 In the past century,Chinese massage has
undergone great development.In 1956,China
organized her first massage training class in
Shanghai.In 1958 in Shanghai, a massage
clinic opened and the same year saw the
establishment of a special school of
massage .
Massage
In 1974,Shanghai TCM College initiated a
department of acupuncture,massage and
traumalogy,followed then by a department of
massage.Subsequently,the TCM colleges in
Beijing,Anhui,Nanjing, Zhejiang and
Shandong set up massage specialities. After
the nation massage association was organized
in 1987, academical activities of massage,
nation-wide and world-wide,were carried out
and gradually increased.
二、中国推拿的主要流派
The Main Schools of Chinese
Massage
1 、一指禅推拿 One-finger Meditation
Massage
2 、滚法推拿 Rolling Massage
3 、内功推拿 Internal Exercise Massage
4 、指压推拿 Finger-pressing Massage
5 、点穴推拿 Digital Point Pressure Therapy
Indications and Contraindications
 适应症 (indications)
随着推拿学科的迅速发展，推拿的
适应症也逐渐扩大。在伤科、内、外、
妇、儿、五官等各科疾病，都有推拿
的适应症。
 Massage indications have gradually got
increased with the rapid development of
massage speciality.There are massage
indications in all the departments of
traumatology 伤科 , internal medicine, surgery,
gynecology 妇 , pediatrics and the five sense
organs.
 禁忌症 (Contraindications)
关于推拿的禁忌症，亦并非绝对的。有
些疾病在治疗中，推拿可作为辅助治疗，能
够提高疗效，消除症状。在推拿临床中下列
情况应注意：
 So far as contraindications are concerned,
they are not absolute in massage therapy.
For some diseases, massage can be used
as an auxiliary measure to increase the
curative effect and eliminate the symptoms.
In the clinical practice, attention should be
paid to the following points:
由结核菌、化脓菌所引起的
运动器官病症不宜进行推拿。
Massage can’t be used to treat
motion organ disease due to
tuberculin and pus organism.
癌症一般不宜推拿治疗。
Generally speaking, it is not suitable
for the patient with cancer to be
treated by massotherapy.
皮肤病病变损害处，皮开肉
绽及烫伤处一般不宜推拿。
Massage is not used for dermatosis
with pathologic changes and injuries,
bruise and scald.
正在出血的部位不宜推拿。
It’s not proper to massage at the part
which is bleeding.
脱位处以整复手法为主。
Dislocations should be treated chiefly
with taxis.
妇女在怀孕期和月经期，腹
部和腰骶部不宜使用推拿方法。
Massage can’t be applied to the
abdomen and lumbosacral portions of
women who are pregnant or with
menses.
患者饥饿时及剧烈运动后，
推拿时应防止晕厥。
Attention should be paid to
avoiding syncopy in the massage
treatment for patients who are
hungry and just after strenuous
exercise.
其他注意事项
(Other Warnings)
男医生在诊治女性患者的某
些疾病如乳房疾患髋部疾患腹
骨沟及大腿内侧疾患等，应有
护士陪伴，以免引起不必要的
医疗纠纷。
Other Warnings
Male doctors should be accompanied by
nurses,when they treat female patients for
the disease of breast,coxa,groin,and the
inside of the thighs in order to avoid
unnecessary disputes.
course of treatment
关于疗程，对治疗操作时手法刺激量较
大的，一般采取隔日治疗，以便于病变
处自我恢复；而操作手法轻柔，刺激量
较小者，多采用每日治疗。
course of treatment
So far as the treatment courses are
concerned,manipulations with strong
stimulations should be given every other
day for the purpose of the recovery of the
pathologic portion while light and soft
manipulations with less stimulations given
once a day.
course of treatment
急性疾病以 3-5 次为 1 疗程；
慢性病症以 10-15 次为 1 疗程。
course of treatment
For acute diseases or syndromes,3 to
5 days may be regarded as one
course of treatment;
For chronic ones 10 to 15 days as one
course.
推拿作用原理
Acting Principle of
Massage
调整阴阳
Regulating Yin and Yang
调整经络、气血与脏腑的功能
Regulating the Function of
Channels and Collaterals, Qi
and Blood,and Viscera
恢复筋骨、关节的功能
Recovery of the Function of Tendons,
Bones and Joints
舒筋通络，解痉止痛
Relaxing Muscles and Tendons and
Dredging the Channels and Collaterals
理筋整复
Restoring and Treating Injured Soft
Tissues and Reducing Dislocated Joints
剥离粘连，疏通狭窄
Tripping Adhesion, Dredging Stenosis
常用手法
Adult Massage
成
人 Commonly –used
按 Manipulation
摩
Manipulation
“手法”是推拿治病的主要手段，
手法操作的质量及临诊辨证施术的水
平，可直接影响推拿的医疗效果。
Manipulation
“Manipulation”is the important
means of massage treatment.Its
manipulating quality and standard of
its clinical differentiation can directly
affect the curative result of massage.
传统推拿学对手法动作技术要求持久、
有力、均匀、柔和，从而达到深透的
目的。
Traditional massage requires that

manipulation should be permanent,
forceful, even and soft so as to be
deep and thorough.
“ 持久”
1、所谓“持久”，是指手法能按要求
持续运用一定时间，亦即在一定时间内
手法动作结构保持不变，且有稳定的动
力形式。
“permanence”
The so-called“permanence”is that

manipulation should last for a certain
period of time according to the
requirement, that is, the structure of
manipulation keeps unchanged within a
certain period of time and has a steady
dynamic form.
2 、所谓“有力”，是指手法必须具有
一定的力量，这种力量应该根据受术者
的体质、病情、年龄、部位等不同情况
而增减。
“ forcefulness”
The so-called “forcefulness” is that
manipulation must have a certain force
which should be strengthened or
weakened according to the patient’s
constitution, state of illness, age,
therapeutic portions, etc.
“ 均匀”
 3 、所谓“均匀”是指手法动作要有节
奏性，操作频率不要时快时慢，压力不
要时轻时重。
“ evenness”
The so-called “evenness” is that
manipulation should be rhythmical, with
the same frequency and pressing force
all the time .
“ 柔和”
4 、所谓“柔和”，是指手法要轻而不
浮，重而不滞，用力不可生硬粗暴，动
作变换要自然、流畅。
“softness”
The so-called“softness” is that
manipulation should be light but not
superficial,heavy but not retained,not
rough and hard, and the shift of the
movements should be natural and
smooth.
“ 深透”
5 、所谓“深透”，是指在上述要求
的基础上，手法操作还必须掌握一定
的用力方向，从而使作用力深入受术
者体内直达病所，而发挥治疗作用。
“deepness and thoroughness”
The so-called “deepness and
thoroughness” means that manipulation
must keep a certain direction of force in
addition to the requirements above in
order to achieve a deep effect on the
affected part of the patient’s body and
create curative effect.
手法分类 classification of the manipulation
（ 1 ）摆动类手法 Oscillating manipulation

一指禅推法、滚法、揉法
（ 2 ）摩擦类手法 Friction manipulation
摩法、擦法、推法、搓法、抹法、
扫散法、推桥弓、梳头栉发
（ 3 ）挤压类手法 Extrusion manipulation
按法、点法、拿法、捏法、掐法、
拨法、踩跷法
（ 4 ）叩击类手法 knocking manipulation
击法、拍法、弹法、鸣天鼓
（ 5 ）振动类手法 Vibration manipulation

振法、抖法
（ 6 ）运动关节类手法
manipulations of passive articular moving
摇法、背法、拨伸法、扳法、屈伸
法、牵拉法
成人常用手法
 Adult commonly used manipulation
滚法 Rolling Manipulation
 用手掌尺侧面的背部及掌指关节背侧突起处，在操
作部位做来回翻掌、旋转动作称滚法。具有体表
接触面积大、刺激力量强而且又十分柔和的特征。
主要用于治疗运动系统和周围神经系统疾病。
 滚法整个手法动作是由两部份协调来共同完成
一是由前臂的旋转；
二是由腕关节的屈伸而组成的复合式手技动作。
其受力部位以小鱼际肌至第五、第四掌骨的背侧。
 Use the back of the hand side of the palm and the
dorsal side of the knuckle.It has the characteristics
of large contact area, strong stimulation and very
soft.It is mainly used to treat the motor system and
peripheral nervous system diseases.

 The whole motion of the rolling method is
accomplished by two parts:
 one is the rotation of the forearm;
 The second is a compound hand movement
which consists of the flexion of the wrist
joint.The stress areas are on the dorsal side
of the fish and the 5th and 4th palms.
揉法 Kneading Manipulation
 以指、掌、掌根、小鱼际、四指近侧指间关
节背侧突起、前臂尺侧肌群肌腹或肘尖为着
力点，在治疗部位带动受术皮肤一起做轻柔
缓和的回旋动作，使皮下组织层之间产生内
摩擦的手法。其中，根据着力部位的不同，
可以分为中指揉法，拇指揉法，掌揉法、掌
根揉法，小鱼际揉法，膊揉法，肘揉法、拳
揉法等。
 To root, hypothenar fingers, palm, palm, four
refers to the near side dorsal bulge, forearm
ulnar side of the interphalangeal joint
muscle muscle belly or elbow pointed as the
focus, in the treatment of parts driven by
skin with soft temper cyclotron motion, make
subcutaneous tissue layer between internal
friction technique.
 Among them, according to the different
points of focus, it can be divided into middle
finger kneading method, thumb kneading
method, hand kneading method, palm root
kneading method, fingerling method,
kneading method, elbow rubbing method,
boxing method and so on.
摩法 circular-rubbing manipulation
 用手掌或指腹轻放于体表治疗部位，做环形
的、有节律的摩动手法称摩法。有指摩法和
掌摩法两种摩法
 Use the palm or the finger pulp to be placed
in the body surface to treat the area, make
the circular, rhythmic movements.There are
two kinds of manipulation, including palm
and finger circular-rubbing manipulation
摩法 circular-
rubbing manipulation
摩法 circular-
摩法 circular-
擦法 Rubbing Manipulation
推法 pushing manipulation
推法 pushing manipulation
搓法 palm-twisting manipulation
抹法 Wiping Manipulation
抹法 Wiping Manipulation
抖法 shaking manipulation
振法 Vibrating Manipulation
按法 Pressing Manipulation
弹拨法 plucking manipulation
弹拨法 plucking manipulation
点法 Digital-pressing
manipulation
manipulation
manipulation
拿法 grasping manipulation
捻法 Finger-twisting manipulation
拍法 Patting Manipulation
击法 Percussing Manipulation
击法 Percussing Manipulation
摇法 Rotating manipulation
摇法
Rotating
 使关节被动的环转
manipulation(yaofa)
 A manipulation to 活动，称摇法
make a joint do
passive movement is
called rotating
manipulation
背法 back-carrying
manipulation
manipulation
manipulation
拔伸法 Traction manipulation
扳法 Pulling Manipulation

General Introduction and Basic Manipulation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

General Introduction and Basic Manipulation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

推拿概论及基本手法

Yan runhu 闫润虎

5 、 The period of Eastern and

Traditional massage requires that

The so-called“permanence”is that

（ 1 ）摆动类手法 Oscillating manipulation

（ 5 ）振动类手法 Vibration manipulation

You might also like