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TYPES,CHARACTERISTICS,AN
D LEARNING IDENTIFICATION
OF LEARNERS WITH
DIFFICULTY REMEMBERING
AND FOCUSING
• Most frequently displayed symptoms:  short attention
span,  poor memory,  difficulty following directions, 
inability to discriminate between/among letters,
numerals, or sounds,  poor reading and/or writing
ability,  eye-hand coordination problems; poorly
coordinated,  difficulties with sequencing
 4 TYPES OF LEARNERS IN EDUCATION
• The 4 types of learners in education include visual,
auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic.
• It’s important to develop lesson plans to help all the
different types of learners absorb information in a way
that fits their individual needs. When teachers
understand the characteristics of different learning
styles and associated instruction strategies, they are
better able to address the instructional requirements of
all their students.
• Visual
• Visual learners prefer to take in information using charts, maps, graphs, diagrams, and more.
Using images to explain concepts and ideas is the best way to reach a visual learner. However,
this type of learning style does not include photographs or videos. Instead, visual learners learn
best when information is presented using patterns, shapes, and other visual aids in the place of
written or spoken words. One way teachers can differentiate their instruction for visual learners is
by using graphic organizers to teach a lesson. A flow chart might be used to explain a scientific
process, for example.
• Auditory
• This learning style describes students who learn best when information is heard or spoken. They
benefit from lectures, group discussion, and other strategies that involve talking things through.
“Often people with this preference want to sort things out by speaking first, rather than sorting
out their ideas and then speaking,” VARK Learn Limited explains. To help auditory learners
learn, teachers can post audio recordings of lessons on the class website, or incorporate group
activities that require students to explain concepts to their classmates.
• Reading/Writing Preference
• Students who have a reading/writing preference prefer information to be presented using
words. They love to read and perform well on written assignments such as stories or
book reports. “This preference emphasizes text-based input and output – reading and
writing in all of its forms,” VARK Learn Limited notes. A great way to help these
students learn is by having them describe diagrams or charts using written statements.
Then, they can study their notes later to better retain the information.
• Kinesthetic
• Kinesthetic learners learn best when they can use tactile experiences and carry out a
physical activity to practice applying new information. “People who prefer this mode are
connected to reality, ‘either through concrete personal experiences, examples, practice or
simulation,’” VARK Learn Limited explains. Give these students a working example of
an idea or process, or task them with recreating experiments to illustrate concepts.
 LEARNING DISABILITIES

A learning disability is to do with the way someone's brain works. It makes it harder
for someone to learn, understand or do things. is a reduced intellectual ability and
difficulty with everyday activities – for example household tasks, socialising or
managing money – which affects someone for their whole life.
WHAT ARE LEARNING DISABILITIES?

A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to process

and understand information. It can affect a person’s ability to read, write, listen, speak,
spell, and do the math. Learning disabilities are not the same as intellectual
disabilities, and they do not reflect a person’s intelligence or motivation.

Learning disabilities can range in severity and may affect only one specific skill or a
combination of skills. They are usually present from birth or early childhood and can
persist throughout a person’s life.
Some people with learning disabilities may need accommodations in order to succeed
academically and professionally, while others may be able to overcome their
challenges with extra support and effort.
Learning disabilities can be incredibly isolating, but they’re also extremely common.
The good news is that thanks to advances in medicine and technology, there are ways
to treat these conditions so they don’t become insurmountable obstacles.
• 5 Most Common Learning Disabilities
• 1. Dyslexia
• Dyslexia is the number one learning disability that affects people of all ages. It affects a
person’s reading and language processing skills.
• Some symptoms of dyslexia include:
• Reversing the position of letters
• Difficulty with phonological awareness (the ability to break down words into their
constituent sounds)
• Struggle with reading comprehension
• Delayed speech
• Difficulty learning auditory processing disorder new vocabulary or rhymes
• Having disorders in visual processing may have trouble understanding directions
• Affects spelling, copying from text, proofreading, reading comprehension
2. ADHD
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s
ability to pay attention, control impulsivity, and regulate their level of hyperactivity. It’s the second most common
learning disability and can affect people of all ages, although it is most often diagnosed in children.
Note: It’s important to note that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum
disorders (ASD) are not the same as learning disabilities. (Source: Disabled World)
Over 6 million children are diagnosed with paying Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD makes it difficult to concentrate, which can lead to one child distracting others around them in a classroom
setting. Many children with ADHD are disciplined for misbehaving, but they can’t control their actions.
ADHD if not treated, can interfere with a person’s ability to succeed academically and socially, and may lead to
challenges in relationships and employment.
Symptoms of ADHD include difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
•Inability to sit still
•Being disorganized or forgetful
•Difficulty staying quiet and attentive
•Lack of motivation
•Mood swings or emotional outbursts
3. Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a learning disability that affects math skills. It can make it difficult for a person to
understand math concepts, perform arithmetic calculations, and solve math problems.
Lots of people dislike math, but they’re eventually able to understand it with enough practice.
Dyscalculia is more severe because it’s diagnosing a learning disability that makes it challenging to
understand even the most basic math concepts. Since math builds upon itself, children with
dyscalculia can fall behind and struggle to catch up for years.
Symptoms of dyscalculia may include:
People with dyscalculia have difficulty understanding math concepts, difficulty with basic
arithmetic operations (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), and difficulty
with more complex math skills (such as algebra and geometry).
•Struggling with mathematical concepts such as measuring, time, and estimating
•Being unsure of how to do basic math problems
•Difficulty following the order of operations
•Finding it challenging to count and group numbers together
4. Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects a person’s ability to write. It can manifest as
difficulty with spelling, poor handwriting, or trouble putting thoughts on paper.
Dysgraphia can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological conditions,
developmental delays, or difficulty with fine motor skills.
Symptoms of dysgraphia may include:
•Difficulty with written expression
•Messy handwriting
•Taking a long time to write
•Struggling to express thoughts in a clear sentence structure
•Poor grammar
•Problems organizing thoughts and ideas in writing,
•Difficulties organizing pages, chapters, books
5. Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia is a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to plan and coordinate
movement. It can affect fine motor skills, such as writing or tying shoelaces, as well as
gross motor skills, such as balance and coordination.
Dyspraxia can also affect a person’s ability to process information and perform tasks in
the correct order. It is often referred to as developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
and is thought to be caused by problems with the brain’s ability to process information
about movement and coordination. Dyspraxia can be diagnosed through a combination
of medical and educational assessments, and treatment may involve physical therapy,
occupational therapy, and specialized education services.
Although dyspraxia is a condition that affects someone’s motor skills, it still has the
potential to hinder affect specific learning.
Dyspraxia mostly interferes with hand-eye coordination skills. Dyspraxia presents itself
differently in each affected person, but some symptoms include poor balance and
struggling with fine-motor tasks.
 characteristics and types of learning disabilities

Many children have trouble reading, writing, or performing other learning-related tasks at some point.
This does not mean they have learning disabilities. A child with a learning disability often has several
related signs, and they don’t go away or get better over time. The signs of learning disabilities vary
from person to person.
Please note that the generally common signs included here are for informational purposes only; the
information is not intended to screen for learning disabilities in general or for a specific type of
learning disability.
Common signs that a person may have learning disabilities include the following:
•Problems reading and/or writing
•Problems with math
•Poor memory
•Problems paying attention
•Trouble following directions
•Clumsiness
•Trouble telling time
•Problems staying organized1
A child with a learning disability also may have one or more of the following 1:
•Acting without really thinking about possible outcomes (impulsiveness)
•“Acting out” in school or social situations
•Difficulty staying focused; being easily distracted
•Difficulty saying a word correctly out loud or expressing thoughts
•Problems with school performance from week to week or day to day
•Speaking like a younger child; using short, simple phrases; or leaving out words in sentences
•Having a hard time listening
•Problems dealing with changes in schedule or situations
•Problems understanding words or concepts
These signs alone are not enough to determine that a person has a learning disability. Only a professional can
diagnose a learning disability.
Each learning disability has its own signs. A person with a particular disability may not have all of the signs of
that disability.