FLAME EMISSION

SPECTROSCOPY
 CONTENT
 Introduction
 Principle
 Steps involved in flame emission spectroscopy.
 Instrumentation.
 Flames in flame emission spectroscopy
 Advantages & Disadvantages of flame emission spectroscopy.
 Interference
 Applications
 References
 INTRODUCTION
 Emission spectroscopy which is basically used
in detection of alkali metals group 1 st {Na,K,Li}
and group 2nd {Ca,Mg,Be}.
 Used for quantative and qualitive analysis.
 PRINCIPLE
 Based on the measurement of the emitted light
intensity when a metal is introduced into the
flame.
 Wavelength of the colour gives information
about the element present in the sample.
 STEPS INVOLVED IN FLAME
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY.
 Spraying a solution of the sample in a hot flame
 Formation of mist
 Vaporization of the mist to form residual solid particles
 Dissociation of the residue into neutral atoms
 To set atoms in excited state and ground state
 Measurement of wavelength and intensity of emitted
radiation
INSTRUMENTATION
The basic components for flame photometer are as follows.

 Sample delivery system : Automizer,Nebulizer, Burner.

 Sample.
 Filters.
 Photodector.
 Read out device.
ELEMENT EMITTED WAVELENGTH FLAME COLOR
Sodium 589 nm Yellow

Potassium 766 nm Violet

Barium 554 nm Lime green

Calcium 622 nm Orange

Lithium 670 nm Red

 ADVANTAGES OF FLAME EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
 Faster technique
 Detection sensitivity for alkali and alkaline metals is
good
 Easy to carry out and requires not highly trained staff
 DISADVANTAGES OF FLAME
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
 Limited number of elements determined.
 Solid substances cannot be used directly,
hence preparation of their solutions is a must
 INTERFERNCE
 When two light waves from different sources meet
together, then the distribution of energy due to one
wave is disturbed by the other. This modification in the
distribution of light energy due to super position of two
light waves is called interference of light.
 APPLICATIONS
 Na, K, Ca, Li Etc. Level In Sample Of Serum, Urine,
CSF And Other Body Fluids.
 Determination Of Alkali And Alkaline Earth Metals.
 Determination Of Pb In Petrol.
 Determination Of Calcium And Magnesium In
Cement