Ultra Large Crude Carriers

Ankit Sharma
VII SEM
21518009
Ultra large crude carriers And their
features
 BIGGEST MAN MADE MOBILE STRUCTURE.
 DEADWEIGHT GENERALLY VARIES FROM 350000T-550000T.
 LENGTH CAN BE RANGED UPTO 360M-450M.
 Double hull.
 Space between two hulls are used to ballasting and fuel stores.
 Have lower freeboard.
 Crude oil heating system.
TI Class Supertanker
 Comprises of four ships
 TI ASIA
 Ti Africa
 Ti Oceania
 Ti Europe
Their length is 380M
Capacity of carrying 503,409,900 l
Speed is 16 knots
Owners requirement

Type: Double skin segregated ballast crude oil tanker

Dead Weight: 380000 t
Service Speed: 15 knots
 Classification: Lloyds Register of Shipping
Route: Saudi arabia to
Japan

 Distance – 8425 nautical miles

 32 days of voyage if speed is 11 knots.
 Ship Name L B DWT L/B

Marine Atlantic 362 69.5 401000 5.508633

Jahre Venture 370 64 390000 5.78125

Olympia Spirit 362 70 406000 5.571429

Nisseki Maru 357 59.5 372000 5.982759

Hellspont Paramount 373 64 381000 5.828125

Hellspont Capitol 373 64 381000 5.828125

HH 363 63.5 371000 5.816535

Minotor 372.5 64.5 385000 5.875194

Preliminary Estimation of main
dimensions by empirical formulas
 Schneekluth formula: LBP = ∆0.3 *V0.3 *C

 Ayre Formula For length Estimation : Lpp/∇0.33 = 3.33 + 1.67V/Lpp^0.5

 From Parent ships : 362-371 m

 We have the mean value of L/B =5.80 from parent ship analysis B = 61.25 m

 For Tankers the Empirical Formula Proposed by Watson (1998) for Depth is L/12.5

 Alexanders formula for CB = K – 0.5V/ Lf ^½

How My Ship Will meet Primary Owners
Requirements?
 Deadweight- The most Important factor

Dead weight = ∆- Light ship weight.

 Displacement, Δ = CBLBTρ(1.005)

 Light ship mass consists of steel weight, outfit weight and engine plant weight.

 These are obtained by using Watson and Gilfillan formulae

Results Of First Iteration
LBP 358 m

B 61.35 m

D 29.759m

T 22.45 m

CB .878

∆SE 43164 t

∆OU 3619 t

∆EP 2883 t

∆LS 54442 t

DWT 384572 t

∆DS 5611 t
DWT v\s LENGTH, a graph is plotted from several iterations made in excel. The
graph is given below. In X-axis Deadweight is plotted and in Y-axis Length is
plotted

364

362

360

358

356

354

352

350
380914 384572.827761398 387079.516185874 389874.269041514 393063.119026262 395885.955967925 398721.774521588 404867.341102168
Results of Final Iteration

LBP 356

B 60.85

D 29.75

T 22.45

CB .875

∆ 436383

∆SE 42849

DWT 381123.7
Preliminary GA
Preliminary GA
Preliminary GA

 Arrangement according to Regulation 13 F MARPOL 73/78 for Modern tankers

 The Mid Deck arrangement makes use of a horizontal subdivision (mid deck) of the
cargo space so that the oil pressure is reduced to a level less than the hydrostatic
pressure.

 All Arrangement is done with accordance of LRS Rules and Regulations for the Classification
of Ships January 2016
CHECKS!
FREEBOARD CHECK

 Minimum freeboard is a statutory requirement for all vessels under the Merchant Shipping Act of
1968.
 The freeboard assigned should be in accordance with the 1966 IMO Load line Convention Rules
 Tabular freeboard (for type A ship) for L = 356 m is 3418 mm (Taggart)
But this is not final Freeboard. The final freeboard should include The following corrections
 Correction for CB
 Correction for Depth
 Correction for Superstructure
 Correction for Sheer
 The total freeboard Calculated was 6250 mm while available is 7300mm
 Actual Bow Height was also verified
CAPACITY CHECK

 The total capacity of the ship is the volume required for cargo plus the minimum volume
required for ballast

 Volume of Cargo Available= VHOLD – VBALLAST - Vol of stores

The total volume of the hold is given by (VDD + VCA) - (VFP + VAP + VER + VCOF)
PRELIMIINARY STABILITY CHECK

 The stability check is done with the Prohaska’s method

 h* is read off for the six angles of heel, Viz.15º, 30º,45º,60º,75º,90º

STABILITY CURVE
4.00

3.50
f(x) = 4.03497663725528E-07 x⁴ − 5.99095101454327E-05 x³ + 0.000545907558070736 x² + 0.134998488608337 x
3.00

2.50

2.00
Axis Title

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-0.50

-1.00

Angle
PRELIMINARY RESISTANCE & POWERING CALCULATION

 The preliminary powering estimation is done by the method presented by Guldhammer & Harvald
FINAL DIMENSIONS

LBP 356 m
B 60.85 m
T 22.45 m
D 29.75 m
CB 0.87
LINES DESIGN

 BSRA Standard series hull form is chosen

 B.S.R.A presents waterline offsets for normal forms and bulbous bow forms on a base of block coefficient

WL A B C D E F G H J K
% of T 7.69 15.38 23.08 38.46 53.85 69.23 84.62 100.0 115.3 130.7
Height
above base
1.72 3.45 5.18 8.63 12.08 15.54 18.99 22.45 25.88 29.34
line for
design ship
Body Plan
Half Breadth And Proflie Plan
3D Model Made in Rhino
Stem and Stern
 Stem offsets are presented in terms of percent L BP relative to station 10 in B.S.R.A report

 Stern Design

 A transom stern is adopted instead of cruiser stern of the BSRA hull form due to the
following reasons
(i) easier construction
(ii) more deck area
(iii) less slamming loads
BONJEANS AND HYDROSTATIC CURVES

 In the Bonjean calculation the sectional area and moment of each station up to each waterline is calculated
 This is calculate Transverse Sectional areas at each station, and integrate these areas along the length using
Simpsons rules

 The uses of Bonjeans are:

1) Hydrostatic calculations
2) For flooding calculations.
3) Launching calculations
4) Longitudinal strength calculations.
Bonjean graph
 The geometric properties (Waterplane areas, Volume, Centre of Floatation, Centre of Buoyancy,
Moment of Inertia, Form Coefficients,etc.) of a given hull form are calculated for each waterline (or
draft).
 Collectively, this information is called the Hydrostatic Data
 Each of these parameters are plotted as a curve against a vertical scale of draft.
 Instead of having separate graphs for each parameters, all curves can be drawn on a single graph.
Hydros Graph
Resistance Calculation
 The resistance of a ship at a given speed is the force required to tow the ship at that speed in smooth water,
assuming no interference from the towing ship.
 Resistance was Calculated Using Guldhammer and Harvald method Manually in excel
RESISTANCE VS SPEED

5000.00
4500.00
4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17
 The Other method that were used for Calculating resistance was
 Holtrop and Mennen
 The results of same are plotted
Red Line – Holtrop
BlackLine – S60