Collection of Blood

 Procedure for Blood Testing. Blood collection is necessary to diagnose

the disease and assess the condition. Blood is collected for testing.
 Collecting blood samples is a frequently used method to diagnose and
monitor diseases, and thanks to blood samples, long and sometimes
painful examinations can often be avoided. Blood condition says
something about the patient's overall health condition and reveals
more specific diseases and conditions
Types of blood collection

 Venous
Direct puncture of vein by venipuncture; vascular access device.
 Arterial
Direct puncture of artery; vascular access device.
 Capillary
Venous blood collection

 Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein. It is most often done for
laboratory testing. Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture).
 The median cubital vein is usually the vein of choice for phlebotomy: It is
typically more stable (less likely to roll), it lies more superficially, and the
skin overlying it is less sensitive than the skin overlying the other veins.
 Other sites are Antecubital veins, right arm. Antecubital veins, left arm.
Procedure of Veinpuncture

 Assemble equipment.
 Identify and prepare the patient.
 Select the site.
 Perform hand hygiene and put on gloves.
 Disinfect the entry site.
 Take blood.
 Fill the laboratory sample tubes.
 Draw samples in the correct order.
Arterial blood collection

 An arterial blood sample is collected from an artery, primarily to determine

arterial blood gases.
 Arterial blood sampling should only be performed by health workers for whom
the procedure is in the legal scope of practice for their position in their
country and who have demonstrated proficiency after formal training.
 Arterial blood samples are necessary for evaluation of oxygen status because
the pO2 and derived calculated parameters are significantly different between
arterial and venous blood. In most patients, arterial pO2 is 60–70 mmHg higher
than venous pO2.
Arterial puncture sites

 Central Venous Catheter.

 Femoral Artery.
 Pneumothorax.
 Radial Artery.
 Pseudoaneurysm.
 Internal Jugular Vein.
 Therapeutic Procedure.
 Inpatient.
How to draw arterial blood

 Uncap the ABG syringe, and hold it with two fingers of the dominant hand.
The needle bevel should be facing upward. Insert the needle just under the
skin at a 45º angle, aiming in the direction of the artery, while palpating the
radial pulse proximal to the puncture site with the nondominant hand.
Capillary blood Collection

 Capillary blood sampling, which refers to sampling blood from a puncture on

the finger, heel or an earlobe, is increasingly common in medicine.
 It enjoys several advantages over venous blood sampling: it is less invasive, it
requires smaller amounts of blood volume and it can be performed quickly
and easily.
 Finger - For finger-stick blood collection, the third or fourth finger is typically
preferred in adults and children. The thumb has a pulse and is likely to bleed
excessively. The index finger can be calloused or sensitive and the little finger
does not have enough tissue to prevent hitting the bone with the lancet.
Procedure for capillary collection

 The area is cleansed with antiseptic.

 The skin of the finger, heel, or another area is pricked with a sharp needle or
a lancet.
 The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a
test strip, or into a small container.