BLOOD

Blood has four major elements:

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) RBC

White blood cells (Leukocytes) WBC

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Plasma
 Percentage of
Blood cells
PARTS OF BLOOD blood (%)
54%
Plasma

44%
Red blood cells

1.5%
White blood cells

Platelets
0.5%
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 What’s blood made of?

Platelets

White blood
cells

Red blood cells

Plasma
Red blood cells

“I deliver oxygen around your

body and take away waste”
 KEY FACTS
• Have no cell organelles
• Cell membrane is braced by an
actin/spectrin-containing
cytoskeleton which maintains shape.
• It have Biconcave shape
• • Red blood cells (RBCs): 99.9% of formed elements in blood
• • Contain Hemoglobin
• • Red blood cell count: the number of RBCs in 1 micro liter of
whole blood
• • Male: 4.5 – 6.3 million;; Female: 4.2 – 5.5 million
• • Hematocrit (HCT or Ht) (packed cell volume [PCV] also
used): percentage of RBCs in centrifuged whole blood
• • Male: 40 – 54;; Female: 37 – 47
White blood cells

“I hunt down germs and

protect you from disease
 Key Points
• • 4,800 – 11,000/cubic millimeter
• • WBCs have a nucleus are larger than RBCs
• • It’s Mostly produced in bone marrow
• • The Lifespan of white blood cell is 12 hours to
several years.
WBC TYPE
 Lymphocytes Eosinophils Basophils
Neutrophils Monocytes
 Differential WBC Count
• Neutrophils 50–70% (~ 60%)
• Lymphocytes 20–40% (~ 30%)
• Monocytes 2–8% (~ 6%)
• Eosinophils 1-4% (~ 3%)
• Basophils 0-2% (~ 1%)

(Never Let Monkey Eat Banana)

60 30 6 3 1
PLASMA
• “… I provide the
transport”
 Plasma Cells
Straw-colored, sticky fluid portion of blood
Approximately 90% water
Contains:
- Ions – Na+ and Cl-
- Nutrients – sugars, amino acids, lipids,
cholesterol, vitamins and trace elements
- Three main proteins - Albumin (60%),
globulin (35%), fibrinogen (4%)
- Dissolved Gasses – including O2 and CO2
- Waste Products – other protein wastes
such as urea and bilirubin.
 WBCs Abnormalities
Increased numbers of WBCs appear in the peripheral blood in a
variety of disorders and provide a useful clue to underlying disease.
For example:
• An increase of circulating neutrophils in bacterial infections
(neutrophilia)
• An increase of circulating eosinophils in parasitic infestations
• and some allergies (eosinophilia)
• An increase in circulating lymphocytes in certain viral infections
• and whopping cough (lymphocytosis)
+
 Platelets
(Thrombocytes(

• I carry out repairs by

clotting your blood”
 Key Points

• Life span of around 8-12 days

• Help repair damaged vessels
• Formed in the bone marrow
• Platelets stain bluish with reddish or purple
granules
• The normal platelet count is
150-400× 109/L
Thrombocytopenia : low platelets count

Thrombocytosis : high platelets count

 A+ B+ O+ AB+
BLOOD GROUPS

A- B- O- AB-

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THANKS