G8 2ndQ.

Session Guide for K-10 Training
GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS
Patterns and Algebra
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the training, the Grade 8 mathematics teachers will
be able to teach competently the critical competencies in Math 8.
Specifically, the teacher will be able to:
 solve problems on Linear Inequalities, Relation and
Function, Linear Function
 create problems/ activities/ tasks that foster critical
thinking skills to the students and/or applicable to daily
life;
 identify the appropriate assessment that is suited to the
critical content
BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT



Ensure that the

Standards are
ACHIEVED

LINEAR EQUATION VS LINEAR INEQUALITY
EQUAL VALUE LESS OR

VALUE MORE
ONE SEVERAL
SOLUTION
SOLUTION SOLUTIONS

ACTIVITY 1: Let’s match-y match! 
Ans: x>-3
COMMON MISCONCEPTION
1. Forgetting to change the

inequality sign when dividing by a
negative number

ACTIVITY 1:
Let’s match-y match! 
Ans: x<-1 or -1>x

2. General confusion when

the answer is “-1 > x” or
written with the constant on
the left

ACTIVITY 1:
Let’s match-y match! 

3. Unclear of what number is

considered a solution

ACTIVITY 1:
A hotel manager needs to buy beds and chairs.

He has a total budget of P100,000, and each
bed costs P8,000 and each chair costs 2,500.
Write an inequality to describe the possible
number of beds and chairs that he can buy.
Answers: 8000b+2500c≤P100,000

COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
4. Writing inequality
statements from situations
when the terms “less than” or
“greater than” are not
included

REVIEW!
A variable is a letter or symbol that

represents an unknown number of set
of numbers
An inequality has more than 1 solution.

Answer the
worksheet 1 for
20 mins

WORKSHEET 1:
I. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. If x > y and b < 0, then bx < by Ans: True
2. If xy > 0, then x > 0, and y < 0 Ans: False

3. If xy < 0, then x > 0, and y > 0 Ans: False
4. If x > 5 and x > 2, then x ∈ (5, ∞) Ans: True
5. If |x| < 5, then x ∈ (–5,5) Ans: True

WORKSHEET 1:
II. Answer the following:
1. 4x - 4 < 8 Ans: x<3

2. -3x -5> 4 Ans: x<-3
3. Ans: x<12
4. 2x ≤ x - 3 or x < 3x – 4
Ans: (-∞, -3]∞)
5. 2x - 2 < - 2 and 3(x + 5) > 2x + 15
Ans:
WORKSHEET 1:
6. Find the greatest integer that satisfies the inequality

2(1-x) +3(1+x)>3+2(1+2x). Ans: -1
7. 3x + 1 < 2x + 11 ≤ 4x – 3 Ans: 7
Ans: 5

WORKSHEET 1:
9. Find all pairs of consecutive even natural numbers, both of which
are larger than 11 such that their sum is less than 40.
Ans: 12 and 14, 14 and 16, 16 and 18, 18 and 20
10. The longest side of a triangle is thrice the shortest side and the
third side is 2cm shorter than the longest side. If the perimeter of
the triangle is at least 61cm, find the minimum length of the
shortest side. Ans: 9 cm
ACTIVITY 2:
MAKE ME MATH!

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
1.The sum of 20-peso bills (t) and fifty peso bills (f)
is greater than Php 500.
20t + 50f > 500

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
2. The difference between the weight of Pauline (d)
and Kathlyn (p) is at least 26.
d – p 26

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
3. Five times the length of a ruler (r) increased by
three inches is less than the height of James (h).
5r + 3 < h

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
4. In a month, the total amount that a family spends
for food (f) and educational expenses (e) is at most
Php 10, 000.
f+e

Is greater >
than
Is less than <
Is at most
Is at least

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
5. Today is your sister’s 7th birthday. Your mother
wants to buy at least 20 kilos of chicken (c) and pork
(p) but can spend no more than P10,000. A kilo of
chicken P180 and a kilo of pork is P260.
c + p 20
180c + 260p 10000
ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
6. A dozen of jeans (s) added to half a dozen of short
pants (p) has a total cost of not greater than Php 960.
12s + 6p

ACTIVITY 2:
Translate!
7. The difference of the number of 500-peso tickets
(p) and 100-peso tickets (q) is not less than 50.
p–q

not
greater
than
not less
than

INEQUALITIES
 Linear in equalities in two variables
Solution- the value(s) which makes the inequality

a true statement

PROBLEM:
A hotel manager needs to buy beds and chairs. He

has a total budget of P100,000, and each bed costs
P8,000 and each chair costs 2,500. Write an inequality
to describe the possible number of beds and chairs
that he can buy. If he buys 6 beds, what is the
maximum number of chairs he can buy?

PROBLEM:
A hotel manager needs to buy beds and chairs. He has a total
budget of P100,000, and each bed costs P8,000 and each chair
costs 2,500. Write an inequality to describe the possible number
of beds and chairs that he can buy. If he buys 6 beds, what is the
maximum number of chairs he can buy?
WORKING INEQUALITY:
Let b= bed, c= chair
8000b + 2500c 100000

PROBLEM:
If he buys 6 beds, what is the maximum number of chairs he can
buy?
WORKING INEQUALITY:
8000b + 2500c 100000
8000(6) + 2500c 100000
48000 + 2500c 100000
The maximum
2500c 100000-48000
number
2500c 52000
c 20.8 of chairs is 20
WORKING INEQUALITY:
8000b + 2500c 100000
8000x + 2500y 100000 x=no. of beds
+ y= no. of chairs
80x + 25y 1000

+
16x + 5y 200
16x + 5y 200

Is greater
than Dashed/
broken line
Is less than
Is at most
Solid line
Is at least

Let’s graph!
1. Treat the
1. y -x - 2 inequality as an
equation
Graph using slope
and intercept or
intercepts

y = -x - 2
Let’s graph!
1. y -x - 2
1. Treat the inequality as an

equation
Graph using slope and
intercept or intercepts
y -x -2
2. Test points!
Use (0,0)
0 -0 -2
0 -2
FALSE!
CHALLENGE!
Find the area of the region bounded by the
following inequalities:
1. y -x - 2
y x+4
y -1

CHALLENGE!
Let’s graph!
1. Treat the
1. y -x - 2 inequality as an
y x+4 equation
y -1 Graph using slope
and intercept or
intercepts

CHALLENGE!
y = -x - 2
Let’s graph!
1. y -x - 2
y x+4
y -1
equation
CHALLENGE!
y -x -2
2. Test points!
Use (0,0)
0 -0 -2
0 -2
FALSE!
CHALLENGE!
y=x+4
Let’s graph!
1. y -x - 2
y x+4
y -1
equation
CHALLENGE!
y x+4
2. Test points!
Use (0,0)
0 0+4
0 4
TRUE!
CHALLENGE!
y = -1
Let’s graph!
1. y -x - 2
y x+4
y -1
equation
CHALLENGE!
Let’s graph!
1. y -x - 2
y x+4
y -1

CHALLENGE!
Find the area of the
region bounded by the
following inequalities:
1. y < -x -2
y < xA=
+4
y > -1
A = 4 sq. units
GROUP ACTIVITY 1:
GROUP 1: Make me math
GROUP 2: Satisfy me
GROUP 3: Graph me 
GROUP 4: Solve me
GROUP 5: Identify the inequality

Answer
Worksheet 1a for
15 mins

LET’S CALL IT A DAY!

DANCE
©Pinterest!
FUNCTION
AND
RELATION
FUNCTION AND RELATION

Functions A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be
function if every element of set A has one and only one
image in set B.
In other words, a function f is a relation such that no two
pairs in the relation has the same first element.
A function which has either R or one of its subsets as its range,

is called a real valued function. Further, if its domain is also
either R or a subset of R, it is called a real function.

Relation – a rule that associates the elements of one set
with the elements of another set (a set of ordered pairs)
Relations can be represented in a number of ways:
1. Table of Values
2. Graphs
3. Arrow Diagrams (mapping diagram)
4. Equations
5. In Words (description))
Is the relation a
function?
Justify your answer by
providing examples. (15
mins)

WORKSHEET 4:
1. The relation of a month to the length of daylight in a year. Yes
2. The relation of a person's age to his/her height. Yes
3. The relation of the length of daylight to a month in a year. No
4. The relation of person's height to his age. No
5. The relation of the average daily temperature in a
No
particular month to same-named month in any year.
6. The relation of a person's shoe size to their age. No

WORKSHEET 4:
7. The relation of a person's shoe size to his/her height. No
8. The relation of a student’s grade level to his/her math
Yes
grade.
9. The relation of grade level to the students. No
10. The relation of the time travelled to the distance Yes
travelled.
11. The relation of the temperature of hot chocolate to Yes
the time.
12. The relation of the amount of money earned to the No
hours worked.

Relation – a rule that associates the elements of one set
with the elements of another set (a set of ordered pairs)
Relations can be represented in a number of ways:
1. Table of Values
2. Graphs
3. Arrow Diagrams (mapping diagram)
4. Equations
5. In Words (description)

f: X → Y means that f is a function from X to Y.
X is called the domain of f and Y is called the co-domain of f.
Given an element x ∈ X, there is a unique element y in Y
that is related to x. The unique element y to which f relates x
is denoted by f (x) and is called f of x, or the value of f at x,
or the image of x under f.
Illustration of the definition

Playtime! (catch the fish)

DOMAIN AND RANGE
{(Aika, 1), (Dianne, 2), (Emman, 3), (Mark, 4), (Arnel, 5)}
D: {Aika, Dianne, Emman, Mark, Arnel}
R: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
DOMAIN AND RANGE
DOMAIN input abscissa independent

variable
Co- output ordinate dependent

RANGE variable
domain

DOMAIN AND RANGE

1. Table of Values
x a b c d
y 1 2 3 4
D: {a,b,c,d}
R: {1,2,3,4}
DOMAIN AND RANGE

2. Graph
D: {R}
R: {IR}

DOMAIN AND RANGE

2. Graph
D: {IR}
R: {2}

DOMAIN AND RANGE

2. Graph
D: {-2}
R: {IR}

DOMAIN AND RANGE

3. Equation
y = 2x -1
D: {IR}
R: {IR}

DOMAIN AND RANGE

3. Equation
y = -1
D: {IR}
R: {-1}

DOMAIN AND RANGE

3. Equation
x +2 = 2
D: {0}
R: {IR}

WHO WANTS
TO BE A
WINNER?
EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS
REPLACING A VALUE
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
1. f (x) = 2x – 3 at x = -2
Change all the x with -2
f (x) = 2x – 3
f (-2) = 2(-2) – 3
f (-2) = -4 – 3
f (-2) = – 7
1. f (x) = 2x – 3, g(x) = 2, find f(g(x))
Change all the x with g(x)
f (g(x)) = 2(g(x)) – 3
Change g(x) with 2
f (2) = 2(2) – 3
f (2) = 4 – 3
f (2) = 1

f(x) = 2x+1, g(x) = -x -2
h(x)= f(x) +g(x) k(x)= f(x) -g(x)

h(x) = 2x+1 + (-x -2) k(x) = 2x+1 - (-x -2)
h(x) = x -1 k(x) = 2x +1 +x +2
k(x) = 3x +3
h(2).k(1) = ? h(2).k(1) = 1.6
h(2) = 2 -1 k(x) = 3(1) +3 h(2).k(1) = 6
h(2) = 1 k(x) = 6
Worksheet 5

LINEAR EQUATION VS LINEAR FUNCTION
y VALUE f(x)

LINEAR FUNCTION
1. Finding linear equations
a. Suppose f(x) is a linear function such that f and f(5) = 1. What is
f(x)?
b. f(x) is a linear function with f(2)=-3 and f(1)=8. What is f(10)?
c. The linear function has points (2, y) and (-2, 3) whose slope is -
1, what is the linear function?



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Session Guide for K-10 Training

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Ensure that the

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

LINEAR EQUATION VS LINEAR INEQUALITY

EQUAL VALUE LESS OR

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 1: Let’s match-y match! 

1. Forgetting to change the

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Ans: x<-1 or -1>x

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

2. General confusion when

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

3. Unclear of what number is

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

A hotel manager needs to buy beds and chairs.

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

A variable is a letter or symbol that

An inequality has more than 1 solution.

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

I. State whether the following statements are True or False.

2. If xy > 0, then x > 0, and y < 0 Ans: False

4. If x > 5 and x > 2, then x ∈ (5, ∞) Ans: True

5. If |x| < 5, then x ∈ (–5,5) Ans: True

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. 4x - 4 < 8 Ans: x<3

6. Find the greatest integer that satisfies the inequality

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

20t + 50f > 500

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Linear in equalities in two variables

Solution- the value(s) which makes the inequality

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

A hotel manager needs to buy beds and chairs. He

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

8000b + 2500c 100000

80x + 25y 1000

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. Treat the inequality as an

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

LET’S CALL IT A DAY!

FUNCTION AND RELATION

A function which has either R or one of its subsets as its range,

FUNCTION AND RELATION

BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT