Unit 1: Nature of Research

Lesson 2
Research Process and Ethics

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What are the
processes
involved in
doing
research?

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 ● Recognize the characteristics of
Learning research.
Objectives ● Enumerate the steps involved
At the end of the in the research process.
lesson, you should be ● Explain the importance of
able to do the
following: ethics in research.

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1. What are the characteristics of
research?

2. What are the steps involved in the

research process?

3. Why is ethics important in

research?
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 Research is
controlled and
manipulated to
Characteristics
understand the
of Research
relationship
between two or
more variables.

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 Research follows
stringent
procedures to find
Characteristics out the answers to
of Research questions that are
relevant and
appropriate in
nature.

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 Research is
systematic as it
follows a step-
Characteristics by-step
of Research
procedure to
answer
research
questions.

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 Data are correct
and verifiable by
Characteristics the researcher
of Research
and eventually, by
the readers of the
research work.

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 Research must be
totally based on
hard evidence
Characteristics
of Research gathered from
observations and
real-life
experiences.

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 The Research Process

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 The Research Process

Phase 1

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 The Research Process

Phase 2

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 The Research Process

Phase 3

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Principles in Research Ethics

Ethical Principles Explanation

Honesty All researchers must honestly present information on data,

results, research methods and procedures, and status of work.
Researchers must not falsify and distort the data to deceive the
public.

Objectivity Researchers should remove any form of bias in all stages of

research. All observations and data collected must not be
changed in any way to agree with the wants of the researchers.

Prudence Researchers must be careful in evaluating their own work.

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Principles in Research Ethics

Ethical Principles Explanation

Responsible publication Researchers must publish their results and share it to other
people for the sake of science and the pursuit of knowledge.

Confidentiality Researchers must save and secure confidential information of

anyone involved in the research project, especially the
respondents for their target samples.

Respect for Intellectual The researchers must respect patents, copyright rights, and
other forms of intellectual property. It is a criminal act for
Property
anyone to plagiarize.
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Principles in Research Ethics

Ethical Principles Explanation

Social responsibility Researchers must conduct research studies that could be

beneficial to the entire society.

Anti-discrimination Researchers must avoid discrimination against any form of

social labels like sex, gender, religion, and the like.

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Remember

The research process is an endless

cycle. It does not stop when the
results are published and shared to
the rest of the community.

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What can be the consequences if
the research does not comply
with the ethical standard?

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Practice

Based on your understanding of the discussed

principles of research ethics, try to cite scenarios where
you can apply each principle as a student of research.
Ethical Principles Use for Student Researchers

Honesty

Objectivity

Prudence

Responsible publication

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 Quick Check

This is the step in which the researcher must

do keen observation of his or her surroundings
to find possible subject areas to study.

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 Quick Check

This the step that involves the process of

drafting detailed procedures for data collection
and analysis.

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 Quick Check

Evaluate which research ethics principle can be

applied in this scenario:

The researcher tried to fabricate data for his

or her research.

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 Wrap Up

Research process refers to the

overall steps needed to accomplish
the entire research according to the
principles of the scientific method.

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 Wrap Up

Research ethics refers to all the practices

being followed by the researcher in order to
make sure that all steps of the research
process will be done with high integrity and
followed the set standards by the
community of researchers all over the
world.

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 Wrap Up
The Research Process

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 Bibliography

Ackoff, Russell L. Scientific Method. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1962.

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
3rd edition. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.

Hillway, Tyrus. Introduction to Research. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1964.

Kothari, Crisan R. Quantitative Techniques. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., 1984.

Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press,
2017.

Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th
ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

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