DOORS AND WINDOWS

EXPLORING STYLES, MATERIALS, AND DESIGNS

PRESENTED BY
NEETHU JAYACHANDRAN
Doors and windows play
a crucial role in “the
aesthetics and
functionality of a
building.”
 DOORS

WHAT IS A DOOR?
A door is defined as “a movable barrier secured in an opening
known as doorway through a building wall or partition for the
purpose of providing an access to the inside of a building or
rooms of a building.”

Basically doors are named as per its function which are :

Interior doors
Exterior doors
Specialty doors

Then there are doors based on the material used,

which are fiberglass, aluminium, wood, vinyl, steel,
wrought iron and glass.
 PARTS OF A DOOR
• RAILS are the horizontal parts on a door panel. Doors have a top, bottom, and mid-
rail.

• MID-RAIL is the horizontal part that spans the width of the door.

• STILES are the vertical pieces on the far left and far right of the door. There are two
panels on both vertical edges of a door frame; the lock stile and the hinge stile.

• MULLION is a vertical connecting piece in the middle of the door.

• HINGE MARGINS is the space between the door panel and the door frame. Hinge
margins are usually 1/16″ while in-swing or out-swing but might vary depending
on the door type. They allow the door hinges to swing open and shut. Standard-size
doors have three hinges, but bigger ones like the front door have more.

• PANELS are the framework of the stiles and rails (and possibly mullions). The solid
pieces that forms the door panel’s basic structural foundation on most residential
door frames. Not all exterior doors have a top, bottom, and mid-rail.

• LOCKSET refers to door handles, locks, latches, mortise, and strike plates. The
lockset comprises all door hardware components allowing a door to latch and lock.

• DOOR SWEEP, also known as a door sill, is a small strip that extends to the bottom
• ANATOMY OF A DOOR
of a door frame.
 TYPES OF DOORS BASED ON FUNCTION
INTERIOR DOORS
1. Panel Doors-Traditional 1.
charm and versatility.
Complement different
interior styles.
2. French Doors-Elegance and 2.
functionality. Create
openness between rooms
or to the outdoors.
3. Pocket Doors -Space-saving 3.
benefits. Suitable for small
rooms or areas with
limited swing space.
EXTERIOR DOORS
Wooden Doors-Classic
appeal, durability, and
versatility .Types of wood
used (e.g., oak, mahogany).
Fiberglass Doors-Resistance 2.
to dents, scratches, and
warping and Energy
efficient.
Steel Doors-Security
features, durability, and
suitability for high-traffic
areas.
SPECIALITY DOORS
1. Sliding Doors-Contemporary
appeal and space-saving
advantages. Commonly used
in modern interior design.
Barn Doors-Rustic charm and
versatility. Suitable for
traditional and modern
spaces, with DIY installation
options.
3. Dutch Doors-Unique design
allowing for ventilation and
interaction. Maintain privacy
and security.
 INTERIOR DOORS
WHAT IS AN INTERIOR
DOOR ?

• It is provided to give
EXAMPLES
access to the inside of OF
a room of a house. INTERIOR
• It serves as a
DOORS
connecting link
between the various
internal portion of a
house.

• It provides lighting and

ventilation to rooms.

• Controls the physical

atmosphere within a
space by enclosing it.

• They act as a barrier to

noise.
 TYPES OF INTERIOR DOORS – PANEL DOORS
Door Panel STYLES OF PANEL DOORS
• The door panel makes your door frame look
complete.
• Smaller panels go between the stiles, rails,
and mullions to create a complete structure.
Also known as a slab, it fills the frame built
by the rails and stiles of the door.

• Door panels are the fundamental

components of the door that swings back
and forth.

• Wood or glass panes are ideal options for

the door panel section.

• Glass panes are typical in double doors. They

add a decorative element to your exterior
doors.

• Using glass enhances the appeal and allows

interior doors to let in more light.
 TYPES OF INTERIOR DOORS – FRENCH DOORS
WHAT ARE FRENCH DOORS ? STYLES OF FRENCH DOORS
• French doors are a style of door which
feature two door panels that open
either outwards or inwards from the
center.
• As they tend to be a glazed door style,
they are most commonly found on the
rear of properties, leading out to the
garden.
• French doors are called French doors
due to the fact they originated in
France.
• Originally, the French door was not a
door at all. They actually began as large
windows that could be opened, and a
person could step out onto a balcony.
• However, as architecture developed
during the Renaissance, the French
began incorporating glass into more
areas of their architecture, including
doors. With more natural light available,
homes could stay well-lit for longer!
 TYPES OF INTERIOR DOORS – POCKET DOORS
What is a Pocket Door? ST
• Pocket doors disappear into YL
the wall or pocket space when ES
O
opened.
F
• Unlike standard swinging P
doors, a pocket door does not O
have hinges but slides using an C
overhead track or a floor track KE
to move forward and T
backward. D
O HOME OFFICE POCKET MIRRORED BATHROOM STAINED GLASS
• Since pockets doors recess into DOOR POCKET DOOR POCKET DOOR
O
the wall rather than swinging
R
open, they save about ten S
square feet of floor space.
• Most pocket doors are utilized
in small rooms where a
traditional door would inhibit
the use of the space.
• Pocket doors are popular for
laundry rooms, bathrooms,
home offices, and small DOUBLE DOOR POCKET ARCHED POCKET DOOR CONTEMPORARY
bedrooms. DOOR POCKET DOOR
 EXTERIOR DOORS
WHAT IS AN EXTERIOR DOOR ? EXAMPLES OF EXTERIOR DOORS

• Function as the main entrance and exit to a

building.

• Provide insulation and a temperature

barrier between the building and the
outside.

• Require special treatment to prevent

weathering and related damage.
STEEL EXTERIOR DOOR FIBERGLASS EXTERIOR DOOR
• Treated to withstand high moisture levels.

• Often come in double door constructions.

• Usually have more security features than

interior doors.

• Can feature decorative panels on the

outside.
WROUGHT IRON EXTERIOR DOOR WOODEN EXTERIOR DOOR
 TYPES OF EXTERIOR DOORS – WOODEN DOORS
WHAT IS A WOODEN EXTERIOR DOOR ?

• Wooden exterior doors offer strength and security.

• Solid wood doors are constructed of several pieces of the same type of wood using stiles, rails and wooden panels,
glass or louvers in the middle of the door.

• One of the biggest benefits of a wooden front door is how great they look to guests and those passing by, the
traditional style of wooden doors will provide much more curb appeal over other door materials.

• The craftsmanship of a wooden door is clearly visible unlike the factory pre-moulded stamp of the other door types,
which adds to their overall appeal.

• A benefit of wood doors is you have the options of light or dark wood, painted or unpainted, tighter or wider grain
and simple or intricate design work, anything is truly possible when it comes to exterior wood doors.

• A key benefit of wooden doors are their external security, they are incredibly strong and the developments to the
design and construction over the hundreds of years they have existed lends to the belief that they can outlast some
of their counterparts.

• Wood is malleable and easy to work with meaning wooden doors are one of the few door types that can be repaired.
 TYPES OF EXTERIOR DOORS – WOODEN DOORS
EXAMPLES OF EXTERIOR WOODEN DOORS

DOUBLE DOOR WOODEN EXTERIOR SINGLE DOOR WOODEN EXTERIOR DOUBLE DOOR WOODEN EXTERIOR DOOR
DOOR (TRADITIONAL) DOOR (MODERN)
 TYPES OF EXTERIOR DOORS – FIBERGLASS DOORS
WHAT ARE FIBERGLASS DOORS? STYLES OF FIBERGLASS DOORS
• Fiberglass is a type of plastic that's
strengthened by glass fibers.

• Fiberglass doors are made up of 2

layers of fiberglass skin, an insulated
foam core, and a thick polyurethane
frame.

• The core provides insulation and

support, protecting it from damage.

• Fiberglass doors are a strong

alternative to wood doors.
SINGLE DOOR FIBERGLASS EXTERIOR
• Modern fiberglass doors have gotten DOUBLE DOOR FIBERGLASS DOOR
good at mimicking the look and feel of EXTERIOR DOOR

actual wood doors without the same

risks of warp, rot, shrink, or swell.

• Fiberglass doors are lighter than wood SINGLE DOOR FIBERGLASS

or steel but remain extremely durable EXTERIOR DOOR
 TYPES OF EXTERIOR DOORS – STEEL DOORS
WHAT IS A STEEL DOOR? STYLES OF STEEL DOORS

• Steel doors are manufactured from

strong steel.

• However, they are not entirely made

of solid steel. In fact, a steel door is
a polyurethane or polystyrene core
coated with a thin skin of steel
material.

• They are commonly used for DOUBLE DOOR STEEL EXTERIOR DOOR SINGLE DOOR STEEL EXTERIOR DOOR
industrial and commercial purposes.

• Steel doors have come a long way

in terms of style, but they still lack
the aesthetic elegance of fiberglass
or wood doors.

• Steel doors can hold up against

water without swelling, rotting, or
warping, but they can rust. STEEL EXTERIOR DOOR STEEL EXTERIOR DOOR
 SPECIALITY DOORS
WHAT IS A SPECIALITY DOOR? TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS

• A “specialty door” is any door or frame that is

not a standard build, many times these doors
are custom doors built specific for the
customer.
SLIDING DOORS
• Specialty doors may take into consideration
unusual openings and conditions that simply
require special accommodations, or a BARN DOORS
specialty door might just be a custom
designed door whose sole purpose is to give
an entryway more personality.
DUTCH DOORS
• Blast doors, bullet-proof doors, sliding doors,
hatch doors, and a multitude of other types of
doors also fall into the specialty door
category. REVOLVING DOORS

• Ultimately, if you can’t walk into a “door store”

and pick out a standard measurement door
then you need a specialty door.
 TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS – SLIDING DOOR
WHAT IS A SLIDING DOOR? STYLES OF SLIDING DOORS
• A sliding door is a type of door
which opens horizontally by
sliding, usually parallel to (and
sometimes within) a wall.
• Sliding doors can be mounted
either on top of a track below or
be suspended from a track
above. Some types slide into a
space in the parallel wall in the
direction of travel, rather than the
door sliding along the outside of
the parallel wall.
• There are several types of sliding
doors, such as pocket doors,
sliding glass doors, center-
WOODEN SLIDING DOOR GLASS AND WOODEN SLIDING DOOR
opening doors, and bypass
doors.
• Sliding doors are commonly used
as shower doors, glass doors,
screen doors, and wardrobe
doors, and in vans.
 TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS- BARN DOORS
WHAT IS A BARN DOOR? STYLES OF BARN DOORS
• A barn door is different
from a swinging door
because it doesn't require
hinges on the side and a
door jamb to function.
• Instead of hinges a barn
door lays flat against the
wall and has two rollers
attached to the top of the
door which roll along a
track.
• Barn doors can add
beauty and function to
your home in so many
ways.
• Consider a pantry door,
partitioning off the DOUBLE OPENING BARN DOOR SINGLE OPENING BARN DOOR
laundry room, concealing
your wall mounted
television and more.
 TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS- DUTCH DOORS
WHAT IS A DUTCH DOOR? STYLES OF DUTCH DOORS
• A Dutch door (American
English), stable door (British
English), or half door (Hiberno-
English), is a door divided in
such a fashion that the bottom
half may remain shut while the
top half opens.
• They were known in early New
England as double-hung doors.
• The initial purpose of this door
design was to keep animals out
of farmhouses or to keep
children inside while allowing
light and air to filter through the
open top; essentially combining
a door with a fairly large
WHEN TOP AND BOTTOM IS OPEN WHEN TOP OPEN
window.
DUTCH DOOR
• When the top half was open,
they also allowed a breeze, but
stopped the wind from blowing
dirt into the house
 TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS- REVOLVING DOORS
WHAT IS A REVOLVING DOOR? STYLES OF REVOLVING DOORS
• A revolving door typically consists of
three or four doors that hang on a
central shaft and rotate around a vertical
axis within a cylindrical enclosure.
• To use a revolving door, a person enters
the enclosure between two of the doors
and then moves continuously to the
desired exit while keeping pace with the
doors.
• Revolving doors were designed to
relieve the immense pressure caused by 4 pane revolving door
air rushing through high-rise buildings
(referred to as stack effect pressure)
while at the same time allowing large
numbers of people to pass in and out.
• They are also energy efficient; they act A one-way High Entrance /
as an airlock to prevent drafts, Exit Turnstile
decreasing the loss of heating or cooling
for the building as compared to a
standard door. Diagram of a revolving door, viewed from
above
 TYPES OF SPECIALITY DOORS- BI-FOLDING DOORS
WHAT IS A BI-FOLDING DOOR? STYLES OF BI-FOLDING DOORS

• Also known as folding sliding doors, bi

folding doors or room dividers, bi fold
doors are so-called because they can
fold in or out to open up space.

• Bi-fold doors can be internal or

external.

• Internal bi-fold doors generally used to

cover smaller spaces like pantries, 3 PANEL BI-FOLD DOOR 4 PANEL BI-FOLD DOOR
laundry rooms or wardrobes.

• External bi-fold doors generally used to

connect the inside of the home to the
outside.

• Bi-fold doors, also known as folding or

accordion doors, have two or more
folding hinged panels. They are a
popular style for patio doors. BI-FOLD DOOR DETAIL
 TYPES OF DOOR MATERIALS

FIBERGLASS ALUMINIUM WOOD VINYL STEEL

WROUGHT IRON SOLID CORE TIMBER GLASS

 TYPES OF DOOR MATERIALS
FIBERGLASS DOORS
• These types of doors are meant to last a long time and are scratch
resistant.
• It comes in various colors and is easy to repaint if needed.
• If something else is needed to match a home décor with, it can even
pair a fiberglass door with wooden cladding.
• Wooden cladding is an extra layer of wood or timber used to trap out
heat, and is also soundproof and aesthetically appealing and is ideal
for a functioning home.
• A low-maintenance type of door, fiberglass contains resin that helps it
withstand the cold during the winter and won’t expand as much when
encountering bad weather
ALUMINIUM DOORS
• Aluminium is a widely popular door to use.
• It affordable and as durable as fiberglass, but it is impervious to
insects.
• It can last for years and can hold a big piece of glass.
• They are viewed as modern and can be more affordable than
other materials like wood that would need to be replaced every
few years.
• It is a weather-resistant material that can withstand any
conditions and can be used for years to come.
• They are more energy-efficient and has a much more modern
approach to use for entry.
 TYPES OF DOOR MATERIALS
WOODEN DOORS
• This type of door would need replacing every 20 years or so,
depending on the conditions of the entry.
• Wooden doors are still popular, especially since they add
character to the home.
• There are many styles of wooden doors to choose from,
especially ones that have a particular glass style that piques
your interest.
• Wooden doors still need some upkeep, but that doesn’t mean
that they aren’t versatile.
• Nowadays, you can paint over a door, and even maintenance
is much easier than worrying about a wooden frame.
• A wooden door will need to be wiped to help avoid any rot or
decay from forming.
VINYL DOOR
• Vinyl is the new wooden door.
• Vinyl doors are a more modern approach to effective door materials
that help keep elements out and improve energy consumption.
• It is often used for patios as swinging or sliding doors.
• Vinyl is a durable material to use and will save money on heat, and it
won’t interfere with air conditioning.
• This type of material is excellent because any marks or scratches
won’t be visible to others since vinyl doors are all the same color.
• A vinyl door is also recyclable and can be repurposed. Not only is it
durable, but it’s also environmentally friendly!
 TYPES OF DOOR MATERIALS
STEEL DOORS
• Steel and aluminum are different types.
• While aluminium is a lovely aesthetic, steel doors will provide
with the best kind of security for home.
• However, like aluminum and fiberglass doors, steel doors are
inexpensive and more durable than other door materials.
• However, the only downside is that any dents or scratches
caused to the door will be visible.
WROUGHT IRON DOOR
• A popular and modern type of door is wrought iron.
• Albeit common to see as patio doors or front doors, they are a
fantastic approach when looking for style and security.
• Wrought iron doors can be custom-made and energy-efficient, as
the windowpanes are used to attract and allow a better flow of
natural light to flood into a room.
 TYPES OF DOOR MATERIALS
SOLID CORE TIMBER DOORS
• Commonly seen in front entrances, this door is made from
whole pieces of timber constructed into big, heavy-duty doors.
• This type of door helps a lot with security, insulation, and
soundproofing.
• This type of door is customizable and comes in a variety of
different colors.
• A solid core timber door is also easy to install.
• Despite its size, a solid core timber door is easy to carry.
GLASS DOOR
• Glass doors are a difficult type of door to place since they are
breakable.
• However, given the increased durability of glass doors, they make
excellent doors for side entrances, patio or balcony.
• Glass doors are energy efficient and suitable for the environment.
Even though they aren’t that great for security, they do allow light
to shine through.
• Glass doors can also help with reducing sound and are very cost-
effective.
• Glass doors aren’t only glass; they can also come with small or big
wooden frames that border around the glass, and they can even
come with fiber frames.
 DOOR DESIGNS AND STYLES
TRADITIONAL STYLES
• Traditional doors often use more
organic shapes and fewer metallic
finishes.
• Symmetry, brightness, and
ornamentation
• Typically wood effect finish
• Extravagant hardware
• Lots of details and accessories
• Dark and muted colours
• Refined and patterned glazing.
• Harmonize well with historic or
classical designs.
MODERN STYLES
• Modern doors typically feature angular
hardware made of clean metal
• Modern styles focus on appealing to
minimalism by emphasizing muted light
colors, open spaces, and fewer details.
• Asymmetry, strong lines, and simplicity
• Minimalist trim
• Sleek and simple hardware
• Bright and bold colours
• Minimum details and accessories
• Blurred or frosted glazing, usually without
patterns.
CONTEMPORARY STYLES
• Contemporary front doors often feature
frosted or textured glass inserts, but
larger and without an abundance of
decorative elements.
• Frameless glass doors are a popular
option as they create a seamless and
contemporary look.
• Flush front doors are a popular
contemporary choice, characterized by
a flat surface over the entire door.
• There are panel doors too, in new
shapes and varieties. They come as
standard doors, internal glazed doors,
even unglazed doors and as FD30 Fire
 WINDOWS: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE
EXPLORING TYPES, MATERIALS, AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
 WHAT IS A WINDOW?
A window is a vented barrier provided in a wall
opening to admit light and air into the structure and
also to give outside view

Increases the beauty appearance of building.

Selection of suitable window in a particular place

should be dependent of following factors:
1. Location of room
2. Size of room
3. Direction of wind
4. Climatic conditions
5. Utility of room
6. Architectural point of view
 PARTS OF A WINDOW
The different parts of a window include:

Frame: The outer structure that surrounds and supports the entire window.

Sash: The part of the window that holds the glass panes. It can be fixed or movable (opens and
closes).

Glass Panes: The transparent or translucent sheets that allow light to pass through.

Muntins/Grids: Horizontal or vertical bars that divide the glass panes into smaller sections. They are
often decorative but can also provide structural support.

Sill: The horizontal base of the window frame, often angled to allow water to drain away from the
window.

Jamb: The vertical sides of the window frame that form the window opening.

Head: The horizontal top part of the window frame.

Sill Stop: A horizontal piece on the inside of the window sill that helps support the lower sash.

Jamb Liners: Vertical strips inside the window frame that guide the movement of the sash.

Weatherstripping: Material used to seal gaps around the window frame to prevent air and water
infiltration.

Locks and Latches: Mechanisms used to secure the window in the closed position. PARTS OF A WINDOW

Casing/Trim: Decorative molding or trim that covers the gap between the window frame and the wall.
 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
There are so many types of windows are available based on their positions, materials and functioning. Windows are classified as follows:

Fixed windows Sliding windows Pivoted windows Double hung

windows

Louvered windows Casement windows Metal windows Sash windows

Corner windows Bay windows Dormer windows Clerestory windows

Lantern windows Gable windows Ventilators Skylights

 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
FIXED WINDOWS
• Fixed windows are fixed to the wall
without any closing or opening
operation.
• In general, they are provided to
transmit the light into the room.
• Fully glazed shutters are fixed to the
window frame.
• The shutters provided are generally
weather proof.
FIXED WINDOW
SLIDING WINDOWS
• In this case, window shutters are
movable in the frame.
• The movement may be horizontal or
vertical based on our requirement.
• The movement of shutters is done by
the provision of roller bearings.
• Generally, this type of window is
provided in buses, bank counters,
shops etc..
SLIDING WINDOW
PIVOTED WINDOWS
• In this type of windows, pivots are
provided to window frames.
• Pivot is a shaft which helps to oscillate
the shutter.
• No rebates are required for the frame.
• The swinging may either be horizontal or
vertical based on the position of pivots.
HORIZONTALLY VERTICALLY
PIVOTED WINDOW PIVOTED WINDOW
 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS
• Double hung windows consist of pair
of shutters attached to one frame.
• The shutters are arranged one above
the other. These two shutters can
slide vertically with in the frame so,
we can open the windows on top or
at bottom to our required level.
• To operate the double hung windows,
a chain or cord consisting metal
weights is metal provided which is
connected over pulleys. So, by
pulling the weights of cord the
shutters can move vertically.
• Then we can fix the windows at our
required position of ventilation or light
etc..
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW
LOUVERED WINDOWS
• Louvered windows are similar to louvered
doors which are provided for the
ventilation without any outside vision.
• The louvers may be made of wood, glass
or metal. Louvers can also be folded by
provision of cord over pulleys.
• We can maintain the slope of louvers by
tilting cord and lifting cord.
• Recommended angle of inclination of
louvers is about 45o. The sloping of
louvers is downward to the outside to run-
off the rain water. Generally, they are
provided for bathrooms, toilets and
privacy places etc..
LOUVERED WINDOW
CASEMENT WINDOWS
• Casement windows are the widely used
and common windows nowadays.
• The shutters are attached to frame and
these can be opened and closed like
door shutters.
• Rebates are provided to the frame to
receive the shutters.
• The panels of shutters may be single or
multiple.
• Sometimes wired mesh is provided to
stop entering of fly’s.
CASEMENT WINDOW
 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
METAL WINDOWS
• Metal windows, generally mild steel is
used for making metal windows.
• These are very cheap and have more
strength. So, now days these are widely
using especially for public buildings,
private building etc.
• Some other metals like aluminum,
bronze, stainless steel etc. also used to
make windows.
• But they are costly compared to mild
steel windows. For normal casement
windows also, metal shutters are
provided to give strong support to the
panels.
METAL WINDOW
SASH WINDOWS
• Sash window is type of casement
window,
• But in this case panels are fully
glazed.
• It consists top, bottom and
intermediate rails.
• The space between the rails is
divided into small panels by mean of
small timber members called sash
bars or glazing bars.
SASH WINDOW
CORNER WINDOWS
• As in the name itself corner windows
are provided at the corners of room.
• That means corner windows has two
faces in perpendicular directions.
• By providing this type of windows, light
or air can be entered into room in two
different directions.
• To provide this type of window special
lintel is provided in the wall.
• Corner windows will give aesthetic
appearance to the building.
CORNER WINDOW
 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
BAY WINDOWS
• Bay windows are projected windows
from wall which are provided to increase
the area of opening, which enables
more ventilation and light form outside.
• The projection of bay windows are of
different shapes.
• It may be triangular or rectangular or
polygonal etc.
• They give beautiful appearance to the
structure.
BAY WINDOW
DORMER WINDOWS
• Dormer windows are provided for
sloped roofs.
• These are projected from the sloping
surface as shown in below image.
• They provide ventilation as well as
lighting to the room.
• They also enhance aesthetic sense
of room.
DORMER WINDOW
CLERESTORY WINDOWS
• If the rooms in a building are of different
ceiling heights, clerestory windows are
provided for the room which has greater
ceiling height than the other rooms.
• The shutters able to swing with the help
of cord over pulleys.
• These also enhances the beauty of
building.
CLERESTORY WINDOW
 TYPES OF WINDOWS USED IN BUILDINGS
LANTERN WINDOWS
• Lantern windows are
provided for over the flat
roofs.
• The main purpose of this
window is to provide the
more light and air circulation
to the interior rooms.
• Generally, they are projected
from the roof surface so, we
can close the roof surface
when we required
LANTERN WINDOW
GABLE WINDOWS VENTILATOR WINDOWS
• Gable windows are • Ventilators are provided for
provided for sloped roof the purpose of ventilation in
buildings. the room.
• These windows are • They are provided at greater
provided at the gable end height than windows nearer to
of sloped roof so; they roof level.
are called as gable • It is in very small size.
windows. • Horizontally pivoted shutters
• They also improve the are provided for ventilators.
appearance of building. • Sometimes shutter is replaced
by wired mesh, in this case
sunshade is provided to
prevent against rain water.
GABLE WINDOW VENTILATOR WINDOW
SKYLIGHT WINDOWS
• Skylights or generally
provided on the top of
sloped roofs.
• To admit light into the
rooms, sky lights are
provided.
• It is provided parallel to
the sloping surface.
• Sky lights can be opened
when we required.
• Lead gutters are
arranged to frame to
make it as waterproof.
SKYLIGHT WINDOW
 CONCLUSION
“In conclusion, understanding the various types of doors and windows is crucial for anyone involved in
construction, renovation, or interior design. Each type offers unique benefits in terms of functionality, aesthetics,
and suitability for different environments.

Hinged doors, for example, are a classic choice known for their durability and traditional appeal. Sliding doors, on
the other hand, are space-saving and ideal for areas with limited room for a door swing. French doors add elegance
and allow for more natural light, while bi-fold doors are excellent for creating open, flexible spaces.

When it comes to windows, single-hung and double-hung windows are timeless options offering ventilation and
easy operation. Casement windows provide excellent sealing against the elements, while awning windows are
perfect for letting in fresh air even during light rain.

Considerations such as energy efficiency, security, and maintenance should also play a significant role in choosing
the right doors and windows. Materials like wood, vinyl, aluminum, and fiberglass each have their own advantages
in terms of cost, durability, and aesthetics.

Finally, “the right choice of doors and windows can enhance the functionality, aesthetics, and energy efficiency of
any building. By understanding the different types available and their unique characteristics, individuals can make
informed decisions that meet their specific needs and preferences.".”
 REFERENCES
https://www.aluminiumtradesupply.co.uk/bi-folding-doors/bifolding-door-styles-available/

https://www.maramani.com/blogs/home-design-ideas/windows-building-construction

https://www.estatemillwork.com/blog/why-choose-wooden-exterior-doors.html

https://brennancorp.com/blog/fiberglass-doors/

https://www.slcdocs.com/historicpreservation/GuideRes/Ch3.pdf
THANK
YOU