Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Priyanka Ghose
IT department
GCETTS
1
2
HOW THE COMPUTER GETS
+1
THE ANSWER
=3
03/07/2024 GCETTS
0
0 1 1 0
1
0
1
1
0 0 1
A computer understands
information composed of only zeros and
ones.
The decimal number system is
convenient for the
programmer.
The computer uses binary digits for its
operation.
03/07/2024 GCETTS
DECIMAL
BASIC HEXA
BINARY NUMBER
SYSTEM DECIMAL
OCTAL
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DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
DIGITS • 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
BASE • 10
5
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DECIMAL NUMBER 4598
4*10
3
5*10 2
9*101
8
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* GCETTS
6
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
DIGITS • 0,1
BASE •2
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BINARY NUMBER 1011
1*2 3
0*2
1*2 1 2
1
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HEXADECIMAL NUMBER
SYSTEM
• 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
DIGITS • 8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
.
BASE • 16
9
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HEXADECIMAL NUMBER 1A5D
1*16
A*16 2 3
5*16
1
D*16 0
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OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• 0,1,2,3,4,
DIGITS •
5,6,7.
BASE •8
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OCTAL NUMBER 5273
5*8 3
2*8 2
7*8
1
3
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* GCETTS
CONVERSIONS IN BASIC
NUMBER SYSTEM
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BINARY TO DECIMAL
BIT
• 1*24+0*23+1*22 DECIMAL
POSITION
• 10101 +0*21 +1*20.
• 54321 • 21
MUL
BINARY
WITH
BASE
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HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
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OCTAL TO DECIMAL
BIT
1 DECIMAL
• 645 POSITION • 6*8
•321 2
+4*8 • 421
+5*8.0
MUL WITH
OCTAL
BASE
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DECIMAL TO BINARY
LSB MSB
DECIMAL = 39
BINARY = 100111
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DECIMAL TO HEX
• Q=2 • Q=0
35 • R=3 2 • R=2
LSB MSB
DECIMAL = 35
HEX = 23
18
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DECIMAL TO OCTAL
LSB MSB
DECIMAL = 461
OCTAL = 715
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BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
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BINARY TO OCTAL
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HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
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OCTAL TO BINARY
23
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HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL
HEX • (4DF)16
EXP • (0100)(1101)(1111)
BINARY • (010011010000)2
OCTAL • (2337)8
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OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL
OCTAL • (456)
8
EXP • (100)(101)(110)
BINARY • (100101110)2
HEX • (12E) 16
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REPRESENTATION OF NEGATIVE
NUMBER
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BINARY ARITHMETIC
• BINARY ADDITION
1
• BINARY SUBTRACTION
2
• BINARY MULTIPLICATION
3
• BINARY DIVISION
4
03/07/2024 GCETTS
BINARY ADDITION
0 + 0 = 0
1 + 0 = 1
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 1 = 0 1 (Carry bit)
1 1 0 1 (13 decimal)
+0 0 0 1 (+1 decimal)
1 1 1 0 (14 decimal)
03/07/2024 GCETTS
BINARY SUBTRACTION
0 ‐0 = 0
1 ‐0 = 1
1 ‐1 = 1 1 (Carry bit)
2 ‐1 = 0 Borrow
1 1 0 1 (13 decimal)
+ 0 0 1 1 (-3 decimal)
1 0 1 0 (10 decimal)
29
03/07/2024 GCETTS
BINARY MULTIPLICATION
1000 =810
X 0110 =610
0000
+1000
+1000
+
0000 = 4810
011000
0
30
03/07/2024 GCETTS
BINARY DIVISION
011 ) 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 (1
011
000 (0
000
000 (0
000
001
(0
000
010
Q=1000=16
R=10= 210 10
31
03/07/2024 GCETTS
SIGNED ARITHMETIC OPERATION
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (+5 decimal) 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (-2 decimal)
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 (1’comp of -2)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 (2’s comp of -2) 2
1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (+3 decimal)
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BCD AND GRAY CODE
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LOGIC GATES
43
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THANK YOU
03/07/2024 GCETTS 44