SOUND & SPACE

UNIT 6
Loudness and pitch of sound

CHAPTER: 6.1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• 9Ps.01 Draw and interpret waveforms, and recognise the link

between loudness and amplitude, pitch
Click to add textand frequency.

• 9TWSm.01 Understand that models and analogies reflect current

scientific evidence and understanding and can change.
KEY WORDS

amplitude
frequency
loudness
oscilloscope transverse
peak
pitch longitudinal
trough
waveform compression
rarefaction wavelength loudness
WARM UP!
 Waves Transfers energy
without transferring matter
Properties of sound waves

• When an object or substance vibrates, it produces

sound.
• These sound waves can only travel through a solid,
liquid or gas.
• They cannot travel through empty space.
Sound waves cannot travel through vacuum
WAVEFORM
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WAVES
The oscillations/vibrations can be perpendicular or parallel to the direction of
wave travel:
When they are perpendicular, they are transverse waves
When they are parallel, they are longitudinal waves
LONGITUDINAL WAVE

• Def: longitudinal wave as being a wave in which the direction of oscillation/vibration is

parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
 TRANSVERSE WAVE

• Def: transverse wave as being a wave in which the direction of

oscillation is perpendicular (or 90 degrees) to the direction of
energy transfer.
 Loudness depends upon
two variables
 how much the object is
vibrating – the greater the
range of each vibration, the
louder the sound
 how far away the vibrating
object is – the further away
the quieter
the sound.
LOUDNESS & AMPLITUDE
FREQUENCY
PITCH AND FREQUENCY
PITCH AND FREQUENCY
Shorter Vibrating Objects Make Higher
Pitch Sound
Wave Simulation

• Following Computer simulation will be used to relate the graph of

a sound wave to amplitude and frequency

• https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-on-a-string/latest/wa
ve-on-a-string_en.html
Loudness and Pitch Difference
computer simulation:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-on-a-string/latest/wave-on-a-string_en.html
Same Amplitude but different pitch
OSCILLOSCOPE
 Reading Oscilloscope traces or graph of the wave
diagrams show snapshots from oscilloscope traces of three sounds.

Diagrams 1 and 2 Diagrams 2 and 3

two sounds with the same frequency (wave
spacing) but different amplitude (the height
of the trace).
trace on 1 comes from a sound with a
smaller amplitude than on 2. Sound 1 is
quieter than sound 2.
two sounds with the same amplitude but different
frequencies (wave spacing). The faster the vibrations,
the higher the pitch (frequency) of the sound.
trace on 3 comes from a sound with a higher
frequency than the one on 2. So sounds 2 and 3 are
the same volume (amplitude), but 3 has higher pitch
(frequency).
EXIT SLIP!
WHAT I LEARNED TODAY

• List a minimum of four things you have learned in the lesson

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Loudness and pitch of sound
CHAPTER: 6.1
Learner’s Book activities-----Discussion
Practice Questions: Questions 1-4 page # 210-11
Workbook Exercise: 6.1 B
Page # 112 Question 1-3
Interference of sound
CHAPTER 6.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• 9Ps.02 Use waveforms to show how sound waves interact to reinforce

or cancel each other

• 9TWSm.02 describe some important models, including analogies, and discuss

their strengths and limitations.
KEY WORDS

Constructive
superpose
destructive
superposition

interference

reinforce
In phase
cancel
out of phase
WARM UP!
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
When two waves that are in phase with each other interact (collide) they
constructively interfere (reinforce each other) and the individual wave amplitudes
combine to create a larger amplitude (a bigger wave).
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
When two waves that are Out of phase with each other interact(collide) they destructively
interfere and the individual wave amplitudes combine to cancel each other out (no wave ).
How a Noise-Cancelling Headphone works?
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Interference of sound
CHAPTER: 6.2
Workbook Exercise: 6.2 B Page # 116-17
Question 1-2
HOMEWORK

Workbook Exercise: 6.2 A

Page # 114-115
Question 1-3