Chemical Hazards

Management (CHM)

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Safety Brief

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Course Content

• Legislative responsibilities
• Chemical control strategies
• Chemical classification
• PPE
• SSOW & PTW
• Formative and Summative assessment.

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Administration

DELEGATE

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Introduction

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Course Aim
To be able to control the potential safety and health
hazards or environmental damage arising from the
transport, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous
chemicals.

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Course objectives

At the end of the course you will be able to:

• Identify the class of hazardous chemical by
recognizing signs, symbols and labels.
• Describe the safety, health and environmental hazards
of commonly occurring hazardous chemicals.
• Apply safety handling data in the SHOC card.
• Describe the procedures for approving chemicals

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Requirements – Royal Decree 46/95

• Take precautions to protect staff against health

hazards and work risks.
• Provide Personal Protective Kits.
• Prepare registers indicating names of persons,
chemicals, quantities, methods of handling.
• Be committed to dispose of hazardous chemical
waste as per the Law.
• Provide information, instruction, training and
supervision.

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Substances hazardous to health

1. What are hazardous substances?

2. How do we know their health effects?

3. How do we identifying hazardous substances?

4. How do we know how to control a hazardous

substance?

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Chemical Hazards Classification

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Explosive

Exploding Bomb: Explosives, including highly

unstable material at risk of exploding even without
exposure to air (self-reactive).

Common Example:
• fireworks

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Oxidizing

Flame Over Circle: Oxidizers are chemicals that

facilitate burning or make fires burn hotter and longer.

Common Example:
• Fluorine

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 Flammable

Flame: Substances liable to self ignite when

exposed to water or air, or which emit flammable
gas.

Common Example:
• Gas – LPG, welding gas

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Acute Toxicity

Skull and Crossbones:

A chemical is a toxic agent or highly toxic agent based
on the number of deaths that occur in a sample
population of rats following acute exposure.

Common Example:
• Carbon monoxide

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Hazardous to
the environment

Environmental Hazard: Chemicals toxic to aquatic

wildlife.

Common Example:
• Paints

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 Corrosive

Corrosion:
Causes visible destruction of living tissue at the site of
contact.
Corrosive materials typically have a very low pH (acids) or
a very high pH (bases).

Common Examples:
• Sodium Hydroxide
• Hydrochloric Acid

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Irritant

You’ll see that the old 'harmful/irritant' symbol is

missing. This has been replaced by the
exclamation mark pictogram:
Exclamation Mark: An immediate skin, eye or
respiratory tract irritant, or narcotic.

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 Irritant

Exclamation Mark:
A chemical causes a reversible inflammation at the site of
contact.

Common Example:
• Skin Irritants: Mercury

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New Symbols

A couple of new pictograms have also

been introduced:
do you know them?

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Health Hazard

Health Hazard: Chemicals with various adverse health

effects. These include:

Carcinogens: causing cancer in living tissue.

Mutagens: causing genetic mutation.
Reproductive Toxins: cause chromosomal damage,
affect fetal development
Respiratory Sensitizers: irritate or damage lung tissue.
Target Organ Toxins: affect various organ systems

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Health Hazard

Common Examples:

Carcinogens: Benzene

Mutagens: Ethidium Bromide

Reproductive Toxins: Lead

Respiratory Sensitizers: Nitrogen Oxides

Target Organ Toxins: Hepatoxic- Ethanol

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Gas under pressure

Gas cylinder: Gases stored under pressure

Common Example:
• Liquid nitrogen

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Routes of entry

• Absorption and Injection:

can be exposed by coming into contact with
chemicals through skin, eyes, or direct to blood
stream.

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Routes of entry

• Inhalation:
The chemicals we inhale can end up in our lungs and
blood stream. Sometimes, we can smell harmful
chemicals, but it isn't always so easy. Some
chemicals, like radon or carbon monoxide, are
odorless, tasteless, and invisible.

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Routes of entry

• Ingestion:
Can be found in both food and water sources. As we
eat and drink, we might swallow chemicals that can
harm us.

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Signs and Symptoms

Signs are external and can often be seen by you or

others. They are objective and can sometimes be
measurable. They are often temporary and can go
away when the source of the exposure is removed.
They include hives, puffiness, sneezing, etc.

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Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms are internal and are not visible to the

naked eye. They are only felt by the person feeling
them.
They include pain, dizziness, numbness, etc.

Sometimes a sign can indicate a symptom. For

example vomiting is a sign that indicates someone is
feeling nauseated (symptom).

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Health Effects

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Health Effects

The adverse health effect of chemicals depend on

several factors, including:
• the type of chemical;
• the dose of a chemical;
• the duration; and
• the frequency of exposure.

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Types of Health Effects

it is important to understand the body's reaction to

chemical substances. Knowing what to look for may
alert you to the signs and symptoms associated with
a particular occupational disease. Chemical
substances can cause four types of effects on the
body: local, systemic, acute and chronic effect.

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Types of Health Effects

Local Effects:
Some substances have only a localized effect on one
part of the body - where the hazardous agent comes
into contact with or enters the body.

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Types of Health Effects

Systemic Effects:
Systemic effects are problems caused inside the body
once a hazardous agent has entered.

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Types of Health Effects

A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect

resulting from long-term exposure to a substance.
Symptoms do not usually subside when the exposure
stops. Examples of chronic health effects include
asthma and cancer.

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Types of Health Effects

Acute health effects can be observed immediately or

soon after an exposure; often a large, brief exposure.
Many times the symptoms will subside after the cause
is removed, however, depending on the amount/dose,
permanent damage or even death can occur from a
single exposure. Examples of acute health effects
include dizziness, skin irritation, and throat
irritation.

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 Absorption and Injection Effects

• Itching
• Rash/Hives
• Burning sensation in eyes
• Constant tear production

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 Inhalation Effects

• Drowsiness
• Clear drainage from nose
• Cough
• Shortness of breath

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 Ingestion Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Dehydration

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 UN Classification and Numbers

Class 1 Explosive
Class 2 Gas
Class 3 Liquid
Class 4 Solids
Class 5 Oxidizers & Organic peroxides
Class 6 Poisonous and infectious
Class 7 Radioactive
Class 8 Corrosive
Class 9 Miscellaneous
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UN Classification and Numbers

UN numbers (United Nations numbers) are four-

digit numbers that identify hazardous materials, and
articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids,
oxidizers, toxic liquids, etc.) in the framework of
international transport.

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NFPA Hazard Identification Standard

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NFPA Hazard Identification Standard

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Minimizing Risk

The primary means to avoid suffering negative health

effects from chemicals is to minimize the risk of
exposure. The first step in this process is to perform a
risk assessment for the compounds you will be
handling. Then, employ practices that follow
the Hierarchy of Controls

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 Hierarchy of Controls

• Elimination

• Substitution

• Isolation

• Engineering Controls

• Administrative Controls

• Personal protective equipment

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Elimination

• Change a process or activity so that the hazardous

substance is not needed – eliminate the hazard.

• For example buy in wood cut to length to

eliminate wood dust exposure.

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Substitution

• Replace a product with a safer alternative

• For example use a low hazard disinfectant (no
hazard class) rather than bleach (irritant).
• Application of paints by brush rather than
spraying.

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Control Exposure

If we can’t prevent exposure we must

adequately control it, for example:

• Changing work processes e.g. isolate.

• Control exposure at source e.g. local exhaust
ventilation (LEV)- Engineering.
• Reducing the number of employees/ duration of
exposure- Administrative.

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Administrative Control

• Transport Emergency
card (TREM)

• Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

• Safe Handling Of
Chemicals card (SHOC)

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TREM cards

• The TREM (Transport Emergency) Card system aims to minimise the

impact of any accident or emergency that may arise during the carriage
of dangerous goods.
• Contain clear instructions for the carrier on what is to be done in case
of an emergency, such as spillage or fire.
• Aims to minimise the impact of any accident or emergency that may
arise during carriage
• The card has information about the use of fire extinguishers, PPE, first
aid etc. during emergency such as spillage or fire.
• The card should be suitably and conspicuously placed in the driver’s
cab away from other non-related documents.

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TREM cards

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 PPE and safety equipment required

Apron or Boots Plastic Respirator Goggles Eyewash

Protective gloves bottle with
clothing clean water

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Emergency Plan
Immediate actions by driver
Stop Engine No naked lights / Mark roads and
No smoking warn other road
users

Keep public away Keep upwind Call Emergency

from danger area Numbers

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 Emergency plan: spills
: :

Stop leaks if without Do not repack

risk

Contain or absorb
leaking with sand or
earth

Prevent liquid get into

sewer, basement or Sweep up spilled
work pits substances

Warn everybody –
explosion toxic and
corrosive hazard
Call in:
PDO emergency
#5555
Contractor
Do not flush
emergency #

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Emergency plan: fire
Keep containers cool by spraying with
water if exposed to fire
Beware dangerous reaction with water if
containers are ruptured

Do not use water jet

Extinguish with water spray, foam or dry

chemical

Keep upwind

Call in:
PDO emergency #5555
Contractor emergency #

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Emergency plan: First Aid
Contact with eyes: wash with plenty of water

Contact with skin: remove contaminated clothing,

wash with plenty of water

In case of burns: cool skin as long as possible

with cold water

Seek medical attention

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Hazard warning panel

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Safe Handling Of Chemicals card
(SHOC)

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 SHOC card

• Description, NFPA Diamond and

Revision History

• Details relating to composition,

appearance, use, storage, physical
properties, environmental hazards and
precautions
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 SHOC card • First Aid Guidance & Health
Hazards
• Safety Hazards & Precautions

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 SHOC card
• Fire Extinguisher & Fire Fighting
Precautions.

• Packing and Labeling,

Important Characteristics,
PPE, Spill Control, Spill
Mitigation, Disposal and
Supplementary
Information

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 SHOC card
• GHS Symbols, GHS Phrases and other Symbols

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 PPE- last resort- why?

As a last resort we can consider providing personal

protective equipment e.g. face masks and protective
clothing.
Problems with PPE:
• Last line of defence.
• Protects wearer only.
• Maintenance, defects.
• Training.
• People are the weakest link in a Health and Safety Chain.

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Transport
• Journey Management System
• Driver training and records
• Operator licensing
• Vehicle standards and licensing
• ROP Hazardous Materials Permit
• Location of Hazard warning plate
• TREM cards
• Personal protective equipment
• Waste consignment note

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 Handling
• Register of stock and disposal
• Operating and handling procedures
• Permit to Work
• SHOC cards
• Training and records
• Personal protective equipment
• Monitoring records
• Auditing

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 Storage principals
Segregation
The following aspects should be considered with respect to
the segregation of hazardous materials

• Human factors
• Poorly skilled work force?
• Ignorance towards physical and chemical properties of
stored substances

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 Storage
• Identification and labeling
• Proper packaging
• SHOC cards
• Location
• Ventilation and Climatisation
• Housekeeping
• Personal protective equipment
• Inventory control (first in first out)
• Floor plan
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Storage Compatibility Matrix
Container Packing & Storage Guide

2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 8

2.1
2.2
2.3
3
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
8

No segregation Separate by at least Separate by a complete compartment

necessary 2m apart Separate by a complete
with a distance greater than 2M apart

2.1 - Flammable gases 4.3 - Substances dangerous when wet

2.2 - Non toxic, non flammable gases 5.1 - Oxidising substances
2.3 - Poisonous gases 5.2 - Organic paroxides
3 - Flammable liquids 6.1 - Poisons
4.1 - Flammable solids 6.2 - Infectious substances
4.2 - Spontaneously combustible substances 8 - corrosives

Document Ref. TOM/03/000.a2 - 1 ([Link]) Issued: 03-09-97

KG/TRA/TM/0018-17-E
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Disposal

What do you think we have to do to dispose of

chemicals?

• Waste must be recorded (quantity, type etc.) for

inspections.

• Pollution must be avoided – either by land, sea or

air.

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Chemical Approval Process

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 Chemical Approval Process
2

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 Safe system of work (SSOW)

• Always read the label on the container and ensure that you
understand what it says before using the contents.
• Check that the chemical is the one required for the job.
• Use the proper personal protective equipment when handling
chemicals.
• Know the hazard symbols, what they mean and take the right
precautions
• Consider all possible hazards including violent reaction
between chemicals if they come into contact with each other.
• Open containers carefully in a well-ventilated area.
• When moving chemicals choose a method, which reduces the
risk of inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
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 Safe system of work (SSOW)

• Seal containers properly after use

• Avoid the use of contaminated or damaged containers.
• Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling chemicals.
• Wash hands and exposed areas regularly and
change contaminated clothing promptly.
• Deal with spillages by the proper method.
• Dispose of chemicals by the approved method
• Know where the nearest safety shower and eyebath are.
• Seek medical attention AT ONCE if affected by chemicals

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Why do we have permits to work
(PTW)?
• Specialised SSOW.
• When potential risks are high.
• Operation needs permission from supervisors/ manager.
• Examples of Work requiring a Permit;

• Chemicals
• Pipelines with hazardous contents
• Hot works

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 PTW
Should specify :
• Work to be done.
• Plant / Equipment needed.
• Who is authorised to do work.
• Steps to make plant safe.
• Potential hazards.
• Precautions to be taken.
• How long permit is valid (Time/Date).
• Equipment released to those doing work.
• Signature certifying work complete.
• Signature confirming plant/equipment returned.

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Any Questions..

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Test

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Remain vigilant!
Whilst carrying out your day to day role within the company,
keep a watchful eye out for anything that could raise the risk
of a chemical emergency.
Thank you

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BACK UP MATERIAL

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 PDO Incident First Alert - OTO
Incident Type LTI#19 Pattern MVI

Date / Time 20.08.2020@14:05hrs Directorate Infrastructure

Location Adam Dept UIL

Target Audience
Logistics , Drilling, Operations, Engineering & Construction
What happened
While driving a load of chemical to Nimr, the driver lost control of the
vehicle resulted in the vehicle rolled over and catching fire. The driver
suffered multiple burn injuries.
Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can
it happen to you?

1. Do you always apply defensive driving techniques?

2. Do you ensure you check your vehicle prior to
starting your journey?
3. Do you ensure you drive according to the road
conditions?
4. Do you drive if you are fatigue?

Please disseminate this LTI notification to

your teams and use it in your tool box talks
and HSE meetings and notice boards. Version: Jan.2021 78
 PDO Incident First Alert - FAHUD ENERGY SOLUTIONS

Incident type LTI (01)

Date/ time 30.01.18@ 02:00hrs Directorate Well Engineering
Location Nimr Dept UWN

What happened
While an Assistant Driller (AD) was working on the mud system, a Roustabout was walking on
the platform above carrying a container when particles of caustic soda fell from an opening in
the bottom of it. The caustic soda entered the AD’s right eye and cheek as he looked up
resulting in chemical burns.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you ensure you dispose of used chemical containers from site?

2. Do you have the correct PPE for the hazards on site?
3. Do you ensure the correct equipment is available and used on site?

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

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 PDO Incident First Alert - Vision Advanced Petroleum Solution

Incident type LTI (#10)

Date/ time 03.01.2017 at 23:00 hrs. Directorate Petroleum
Engineering
Location Muscat Dept UPR

What happened
While trying to open the sampling bottle, the internal pressure released and a piece
of metal from inside the bottle hit the engineers right hand resulting in a fracture to
his right index finger. A window was also broken and fluid splashed over the wall
and the floor.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you ensure you follow the correct disposal process?

2. Do you consider the risks of lone working?
3. Do you consider the release of stored energy?
4. Do you always consider if you are in the ‘line of fire’? End cap and sampling bottle

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

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 PDO Incident First Alert - VAPS

Incident type LTI (#22)

Date/ time 22.06.2017 at 10:30 hrs. Directorate UPD
Location Muscat Dept UPR

What happened
While carrying an empty steel cylinder (25kg) up a staircase, a Lab Engineer slipped
losing his balance landing badly on the stairs resulting in multiple cut wounds.

He was taken to a local clinic for first aid treatment before being referred to Khoula
Hospital where an X-ray revealed a fracture to his left hand ring finger.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you always ensure use the correct lifting procedure?

2. Do you always use handrails while using stairs?
3. Do you coordinate activities with your work colleagues?

Foot slipped on stair

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

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 PDO Incident First Alert - PDO

Incident type LTI (#39)

Date/ time 25.09.17 at 11:00hrs Directorate Oil North
Location Lekhwair L-398 Dept ONO

What happened
A mechanical crew was working on the flowline from L398 to replace a valve near
Lekhwair B station, when a flash fire occurred at the drain point injuring a crew member
resulting in burns to both hands.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you ensure the pipeline is appropriately earthed?

2. Do you ensure you are using the right PPE for the task?
3. Do you ensure crew members are in a safe location?
Drain point where flash fire occurred

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

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 PDO Incident First Alert – Carillion
Incident type LTI (#37) PIM ID 1090894
Date/ time 15/09/2015 (09:30 hrs) Directorate Infrastructure
Location Ras Al Hamra Dept UIB

What happened
To clear a blocked floor drain in a maids kitchen a plumber poured acid based drain
cleaner down the drain. It reacted violently with something in the drain which then
lead to an explosion spraying the plumber with the acid causing severe chemical
burns.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you have all the information before you start? Splash pattern
2. Do you ensure you have the correct tools and chemicals for the task?
3. Do you have the correct PPE for handling chemicals?
4. Do you ensure you are out of the line of fire?
Drain where chemicals
5. Do you think how you might be injured during cleaning activities?
erupted from

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

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 PDO Incident First Alert – Carillion
Incident type LTI (#38) PIM ID 1090884
Date/ time 22/08/2015 (10:30 hrs) Directorate Infrastructure
Location Ras Al Hamra Club Dept UIB

What happened
Whilst attempting to unblock a drain on the Ras Al Hamra Club roof a worker spilled
drain cleaner on his hand and the chemical burnt his fingers. He did not realize the
chemical was hazardous as he had not been trained and so did not ensure the
necessary safeguards.

Mr. Musleh asks the questions of can it happen to you?

1. Do you check you have been given the right chemical for the job?
2. Do you read the label before using any new chemical?
3. If the label says ‘hazardous’ then do you ask your supervisor for the
safety information and get the necessary controls to protect you? Burns from the drain cleaner

Please disseminate this LTI notification to your teams and

use it in your tool box talks and HSE meetings and notice
boards.

Version: Jan.2021 84
 PDO Incident First Alert – Carillion

LTI
No 14
2014
LTI Notification 23rd
March

WHAT HAPPENED:
IP was carrying out analytical measurement when manhole cover blew out flashing the content
of the chemical drain causing burns on IP eyes. IP is still admitted in hospital for further
observation.

INJURY:
• IP suffering
chemical eye
injuries.

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 LTI Notification
LTI
13th
No 34 July
2014 Accident Location: Muscat – Salalah Highway.

WHAT HAPPENED:
The driver was in his way to Nimr from Muscat driving an articulated trailer loaded with chemicals when The prime mover rolled
over off to the left side of the carriageway, clear of the road and come to rest upside down, after experiencing a tyre blowout on the
prime movers left side rear tyre. The driver managed to get out of the vehicle before its burst into flames for unknown reasons.

He was taken by passerby to Haima Hospital where he was stabilized. Then he was referred to Khawlah Hospital where X-Ray
revealed a fracture of left elbow.

He is expected to be off work for at least 6 weeks.

An investigation into the incident is underway.

INJURY:
• IP suffering a
fracture of left
elbow.

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 LTI Notification
LTI
3rd
No 03 January
2013
Accident Location: Rig-52, KCA Deutag, Fahud
WHAT HAPPENED:
The IP was mixing chemicals in the mixing hopper area and as he was lifting a 25 kg chemical bag, he lost his balance
and fell 2 metres from the top of the mixing hopper area to the ground.

He was taken to rig medic and then to Fahud PDO clinic. IP was referred to Nizwa Hospital for X-Ray & further
examination showed he had fractured his right forearm.

Hopper on rig

Distance IP fell

INJURY:
• Arm fracture Version: Jan.2021 87
• 16 Work Days Lost.
 LTI Notification
LTI
3rd
No 03 January
2013
Accident Location: Rig-52, KCA Deutag, Fahud
WHAT HAPPENED:
The IP was mixing chemicals in the mixing hopper area and as he was lifting a 25 kg chemical bag, he lost his balance
and fell 2 metres from the top of the mixing hopper area to the ground.

He was taken to rig medic and then to Fahud PDO clinic. IP was referred to Nizwa Hospital for X-Ray & further
examination showed he had fractured his right forearm.

Hopper on rig

Distance IP fell

INJURY:
• Arm fracture Version: Jan.2021 88
• 16 Work Days Lost.