The Role of Osmoregulation

Regulates the amount of water

contained in body fluids so that Regulate and maintain the
the osmotic pressure remains stability of the pH of body
stable fluids
02

01 Maintain and regulate the

03
stability of dissolved substances
in body fluids such as Na, K,
Mg, Ca, Fe, H, Cl, I and PO4
ions
Osmoregulation Organs
Kidneys and
02 Bladder
Gills 01

Rectal Glands in
Digestive tract 03 04 Elasmobranchiata

Skin, Opecular
Membranes, and Yolk
05 Sacs
Extracellular Fluid Retention
Mechanism

There are two factors that are

regulated by the body to maintain
fluid balance:
1. Extracellular Fluid Volume
2. Osmolarity of The
Extracellular Fluid
Excretory organs have transport epithelia, which
typically use Na+/K+ ATPases

The excretory and associated processes in complex animals

depend on special transport epithelium. There are two types of
transportation, namely passive and active. In the passive type, there is no
step in the transport of substances across the epithelium using direct
metabolic energy, since energy is provided by electrochemical or osmotic
gradients. Conversely, a substance is said to be actively transported if
one of its stages requires direct use of energy, even if the other stages are
passive.
Salt Transport Only
Salt and Water Transport
 KIDNEY
S
Anatomy and Renal Excretory
Organs
01
 ANATOMY OF
EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL
KIDNEY
External Anatomy of the Kidney
• Adult kidneys are generally 10-12 cm (4–5 inches)
long, 5–7 cm (2–3 inches) wide, and 3 cm (1 inch)
thick — about the size of bath soap. - and has a mass
of 135–150 g (4.5–5 oz).
• The concave medial border of each kidney faces the
vertebral column.
• Near the center of the concave border is an
indentation called the hilum of the kidney.
• Three layers of tissue surround each kidney: Inner
layer, kidney capsule (ren - = kidney); Middle layer,
adipose capsule; Superficial layer, fascia of the
kidney.
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
Renal Excretory
Organs
Renal tubules produce urine using
the processes of filtration,
secretion, reabsorption, and
osmoconcentration
The major renal organs are
protonephridia, meso- and
metanephridia, and
Malpighian tubules
Insect Malpighian Tubules