Approach in

social science:
Approach in social
science:
marxism
Lesson objectives
•Analyze social inequalities in terms of
class conflict
•Interpret personal and social experiences
using relevant approaches in the social
sciences
 What is marxism?
The historical
It is a
backdrop from
sociological,
which he lived –
political, and
during the
economic
industrial
philosophy that is
revolution of the
based on the ideas
19th century –
and theories of
must be
 • Before the advent of the
What is Industrial revolution, the
primary source of living
marxism? in many European
countries was farming or
agriculture-related work.
• Industrial capitalism is a
cycle of development of
the production and
consumption.
 • Industrial capitalism created two classes in
society which marx termed as the
What is "bourgeoisie" and the "proletariat".
• The bourgeoisie controls the means of
marxism production while the proletariat doesn’t have
the access to such means of production.
? • For karl marx, the relationship of the two is a
form of exploitation because the former gains
profit from the labor and services of the latter.
Key concepts of
marxism
 Oppression an exploitation are among
the social inequalities that exist between
the bourgeoisue and the proletariat.
Marx argued that the profit from the
goods should be equally divided among
Social the laborers since they are the ones who
work to produce such goods.
inequalit
y
The control of the means of production
denotes control over society.
 Ideological control wherein the
ideas of the ruling class are
instilled in society through the
institutions it dominates. The
ruling class manipulates minds
Social so that the masses will remain
subservient.
inequality False class consciousness is a
mindset wherein a labor will
buy such good that he produced
with his own money.
 • It is also known as class struggle
arises from the oppression of the
proletariat by the bourgeoisie.
Class Oppression happens whenever a
society has s stratified and hierarchical

conflict class division, and it is more evident

in a capitalist society, where the
manipulative force of capitalism
created tension between the classes.
• A communist society is
characterized by a classless
society having a common
ownership of property and
resources.
• Private property and profit-
based economy are replaced by
public ownership and control of
at least the means of production
by the community
Important
theorists in
marxism
 Karl marx and friedrich engels
regarded as the father of Marxist
theory.
• Communist manifesto was their
notable work togetehr.

Marx and • Communist manifesto provided a

sociological perspective in the
engels understanding of history. For them,
history is determined by the history of
class struggles and conflicts between
the oppressor and the oppressed. It
points to an organized proletariat class
who revolt against the bourgeoisie by
 He used marxist economics as a tool
in distinguishing periods of
prehistory and in tracing the
evolution
Productionofiswestern
central civilization.
to marxist
v. gordon economics because it is the means
by which human living is manifested
childe and sustained.periods of prehistory
He classified
through their capacity to utilized the
environment in food production
processes.
•Should the Philippine
government increase the daily
minimum wage in the country?
Why? Why not?