The

ARTIST
& the
ARTISAN
 Who is the Artist? Artisan?

An Artist is dedicated only to the creative side, making

visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment and
appreciation of the viewer, but with no functional value.

An Artisan is essentially a manual worker who makes

items with his or her hands, and who through skill,
experience and talent can create things of great beauty as
well as being functional.
 Medium and Technique of Artist
A medium is the material used by an artist to express his/her feelings
or thoughts. Oftentimes, the matter of selecting the medium depends
entirely on the artist himself. The medium of arts is classified into the
visual arts and the auditory arts, or both. Visual arts are those whose
mediums that can be seen and which occupy space.

Visual Arts are grouped into two classes:

1.The dimensional art or two-dimensional arts (2D) which include

painting, drawing, printmaking, and photography.

2.The three dimensional arts (3D) which include sculpture,

architecture, landscape, industrial designs and crafts like furniture.
Auditory Arts are those whose mediums can be heard and
which are expressed in time. Example of auditory art is
music, the art of arranging sounds in time so as to produce a
continuous, unified, and evocative compositions, as through
melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. It maybe vocal or
instrumental, possessing a degree of melody, harmony, or
rhythm.
Both visual and auditory are those whose mediums can be
both seen and heard and which exists in both space and
time.

Technique is the manner in which the artist controls his

medium to achieve the desired effect and the ability which
he fulfills the technical requirements of his particular work of
art.
Te c h n i q u e s R e l a t e d t o
Paintings
Some of the techniques used by the artist in painting
are:
1. Encaustic, 2. Fresco Secco,
3. Fresco (Buon Fresco/ True Fresco),
4. Egg Tempera, 5. Mosaic,
6. Oil Painting, 7. Water Color,
8. Acrylic, 9. Collage, 10. Drawing,
11. Printmaking
Five Major Types of Prints:

Relief
Intaglio
Prints
Stencil
Prints
Woodcuts
 Encaustic
The medium for the powdered color is hot wax which is
painted onto awood surface with a brush. It is then smoothed
with a metal instrument resembling a spoon, and then
blended and set over aflame to soften and set the colors into
the wood. This method produces durable colors and permits
sculptural modeling of the paint surface. Because of the wax
medium, the colors are semi-translucent and look fresh and
lively. This technique is rarely used today.

Fresco Secco
In the dry plaster or “fresco secco” technique, pigments are
usually mixed with water, although other substances might
also be used. The paint is then applied to a dry plaster wall
which has been wetted down with water. Since the paint is
relatively dry, it is non-absorbent, and the pigment adheres to
the surface of the plaster.
 Fresco
This is also known as “Buon Fresco” or True Fresco, which entails
painting on freshly spread, moist plaster. First, layers of plaster
are applied to the surface. While the final layer is still wet, the
artist applies the colors, which are earth pigments mixed with
water.

Egg Tempera
In this method, the pigment is mixed with egg yolk or both the
yolk and white of an egg. It is thinned with water and applied to
a
gesso ground (plaster mixed with a binding) on a panel. It was
also used on parchment or paper to illustrate or embellish books
in the era before the 15th century development of the printing
press.
Artists using egg tempera:
Cimabue (14th Century)
Duccio (14th Century)
Andrew Wyeth (20th Century)
 Mosaic
The design is created by small pieces of colored glass, stone, or
ceramic (called Tesserae), embedded in wet mortar which has
been spread over the surface to be decorated. Their slightly
irregular placement on a surface creates a very lively,
reflective surface when viewed at a distance. This was often
used to decorate walls, floors, and ceilings.

Oil Paint
The earliest technique of oil painting involved building up
layers of colors, moving from darker to lighter values. Fine
brushes were used, and a glossy, smooth finish was achieved.
When applied in this way, the colors are somewhat
translucent, so that the darker layers of color below added
depth and luminosity to the surface, and permitted a
remarkable degree of realism.
 Water Color
Powdered pigments are mixed with gum-arabic or a similar
substance that will help them adhere to a surface. The artist then
mixes them with water and applies them to a ground, usually
paper, with a soft brush. The final effect is that of translucent
washes of color. This method was the most important method of
painting in China and Japan from anearly date, but did not
become popular with European artists until after the 16th century.

Acrylic
Acrylic are artificial compounds developed in the 20th . The binder
used includes water, and the paints can be thinned with water,
but once the paints dry, they have a glossy, permanent surface
that resembles the surface created by oils. This paints can create
most of the effects accomplished in oils, and have the advantage
of not requiring the use of turpentine, which is toxic.
 Collage
Comes from the French verb “coller,” meaning “to paste.” In this
technique photographs, news clippings or other objects are pasted
on the painting surface and maybe combined with painted areas.
The cuttings and objects maybe selected for their associative or
representational values, or for the formal and textural qualities of
the result. This technique was first accepted as a legitimate medium
that could augment or be substituted for painting in fine arts in this
century. One of the first examples was executed by Pablo Picasso.
Other artists using this technique include Braque, Max Ernst, and
Kurt Schwitters.

Drawing
The materials and methods of drawing are the most basic tools of
the artists and the designer. Work that is intended to be executed in
almost any material- paint, stone, steel, or fabric — may first be
envisioned in a drawing. However, this basic character of drawing
skills may tend to trivialize what can be a highly developed art in its
own right.
 Characteristics of drawing that make it particularly
attractive to the artist:
1. Drawing materials are very portable.
2. Tend to have a kind of immediacy
3. More economical way to capture an idea.

Printmaking
A print is anything printed on a surface that is a direct
result from the duplication process. Ordinarily, painting and
graphic image done in black ink on white appear and
becomes the artist’s plate. Advantage of printmaking is the
process of making copies of the original drawing.
Relief prints are made by removing material from the matrix, the surface, the
image has been carved into, which is often wood, linoleum, or metal. The
remaining surface is covered with ink or pigment, and then paper is pressed
onto the surface, picking up the ink. Letterpress is a relief printing process
that transfersink to paper but also indents an impression into the surface of
the paper, creating a texture to the print that is often considered a sign of
high quality.

Intaglio prints are made when a design is scratched into a matrix, usually a
metal plate. Ink is wiped across the surface, and collects in the scratches.
Excess ink is wiped off and paper is pressed onto the plate, picking up the ink
from the scratches. Intaglio prints may also include texture.

Stencil prints are made bypassing inks through a porous fine mesh matrix.

Woodcut is a kind of technique of printing design from planks of wood

incised
parallel to the vertical axis of the wood’s grain. It is one of the oldest
methods of making prints from a relief surface, having been used in China to
decorate textiles since the 5th century.
Engraving, the design is cut into metal with a graver or burin, the burin
is a steel rod with a square or lozenge-shaped section and a slightly
bent shank. The cutting is accomplished by pushing the burin into the
metal plate.

The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award (GAMABA)

Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan Award or GAMABA, is an

award that acknowledges folk and indigenous artists who,
despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions. It
is administered by the National Commission for Culture and
the Arts (NCCA) through Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan
Committee.
 Hereunder are some of the GAMABA awardees and their work of art:

1. Darhata Sawabi- a Tausug weaver of Pis Syabit, the traditional cloth

tapestry worn as ahead cover.
2. Eduardo Mutuc- an artist from Apalit, Pampanga who has dedicated
his life to creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze, and wood.
3. Haja Amina Appi- recognized as master mat weaver among the
Sama indigenous community for her unique designs, straightness of her
edging (tabig), and fineness of her sasa and kima-kima.
4. Alonzo Saclag- a Kalinga master of dance and the performing arts
who mastered not only the Kalinga musical instruments but also his
dance patterns and movements associated with his peoples’ rituals.
5. Federico Caballero- aSulod Bukidnon epic chanter from Kalinog, Iloilo
who ceaselessly works for the documentation of the oral literature
particularly the epics of his people.
6.Uwang Ahadas- a Yakan musician who is a master of the kwintangan,
kayu, and tuntungan instruments.
7. Lang Dulay- a T’boli traditional weaver of T’nalak or T’boli cloth made
of colorful abaca fabrics.
8.Salinta Monon- a Tagbanua Bagobo traditional weaver of district abaca
fabrics called inabal.
9. Ginaw Bilog- is a Hanunuo Mangyan poet who is considered as a master
of ambahan poetry.
10. Masino Intaray- a prolific and pre-eminent epic chanter and story-
teller recognized for his outstanding mastery of various traditional musical
instruments of the Palawan people such as basal, kulilal, and bagil.
 PERFORMANCE ART

Performance artisan interdisciplinary art form that brings together

elements of time, space, bodies, and audiences. The performance can
be
live, or via media, the performer can be present or absent.

Performing Arts refer to the forms of art where an artist uses his own
face,body, and presence.
The major types of performing arts include music, opera, dance, drama,
and spoken words.

Music is a form of art whose medium is silence and sounds. The word
“music” was derived from the Greek word “mousike” which means the
art of the muses. The common element of music include rhythm, pitch,
dynamics, timbre, and texture. The performance, creation, significance
and definition of this art depend on the social context and culture.
Music
can range from organized composition up to improvisational music to
aleatoric forms.
 Opera is a form of performing arts wherein musicians and singers
perform a dramatic work that combines text, which is called the libretto
and musical score. This form of art is a popular part of the Western
classical music tradition. The art incorporates a lot of elements of
spoken
theater, including scenery, acting and costumes.
Dance is a form of performing arts that refer to the art of moving the
body rhythmically and usually in accordance to music. It is used as a
form
of social interaction and expression, or it is commonly presented in a
performance or spiritual setting.

Drama refers to a mode of fiction presented in a performance. The word

“drama” came from a Greek word “drao” which means action. Dramas
are usually enacted by actors on a stage for an audience. The structure
of
the text for dramas is usually influenced by collective reception and
collaborative production. Examples: “Oedipus the King” of Sophocles,
and “Hamlet” of William Shakespeare.
 TRANSCREATION

A term used chiefly by advertising and marketing professionals to refer to

the process of adapting a message from one language to another, while
maintaining its intent, style, tone, and context.
While in theory, any message is a candidate for transcreation, the bulk of
transcreative work performed to date has been in the advertising
industry in media such as brochures, TV, and radio ads aimed at end
clients, and posters and flyers distributed to resellers, Websites are also
the subject of much transcreation.

Activity:
(Whole Class Activity) Create a song lyric for the upcoming Yuletide
Season. Indicate the participation of each. For example, videographer,
composer, singer, dancer (background performers)… to be submitted on
November 18, 2022.