 IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

if + present simple , will/won’t + infinitive

If it rains, I Will stay at home.

 We use the first conditional to talk about
real future possibilities, things that are
likely to happen:
 If I go to Barcelona, I will send you a
postcard.
(= it’s possible that I’ll go. I’m
planning to go to Spain on holiday.)

 If I move to London, I will invite you to

stay with me.
(= it’s possible that I will move. I’m
looking for a job in London.)
 You can reverse the two clauses of a first
conditional sentence without changing the
meaning:
 If I study, I will pass my exams.

PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE

I will pass my exams if I study.

 The cat will scratch you if you pull its tail.

 If I’m late, she will be angry .

 I will come and see you tomorrow if I have

enough time.

 If you don’t leave right now, I’ll call the

police.
+  If I study, I will pass my exams.

- If I don’t study, I won’t pass my exams.

? If I study, will I pass my exams?

+ If he studies, he will pass his exams.

- If he doesn’t study, he won’t pass his

exams.

? If he studies, will he pass his exams?

  UNLESS means the same as IF NOT:

I won’t pass my exam unless I work harder.

I won’t pass my exam if I don’t work harder.