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  • Laporan Kasus KAD

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    Kurnia Sari
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    This document discusses diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, signs and symptoms of acidosis, and strong positive plasma ketones. DKA occurs due to insufficient insulin levels which causes the breakdown of fat and resultant ketone production. Clinical manifestations include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is based on glucose levels over 250 mg/dL, pH below 7.3, bicarbonate below 18 mEq/L, and positive serum and urine ketones. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, insulin administration, electrolyte replacement, and identifying and treating the precipitating cause.

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    This document discusses diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, signs and symptoms of acidosis, and strong positive plasma ketones. DKA occurs due to insufficient insulin levels which causes the breakdown of fat and resultant ketone production. Clinical manifestations include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is based on glucose levels over 250 mg/dL, pH below 7.3, bicarbonate below 18 mEq/L, and positive serum and urine ketones. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, insulin administration, electrolyte replacement, and identifying and treating the precipitating cause.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views10 pages

    Laporan Kasus KAD

    Uploaded by

    Kurnia Sari
    This document discusses diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, signs and symptoms of acidosis, and strong positive plasma ketones. DKA occurs due to insufficient insulin levels which causes the breakdown of fat and resultant ketone production. Clinical manifestations include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is based on glucose levels over 250 mg/dL, pH below 7.3, bicarbonate below 18 mEq/L, and positive serum and urine ketones. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, insulin administration, electrolyte replacement, and identifying and treating the precipitating cause.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Laporan Kasus

    Ketoasidosis
    Diabetikum
    Pembimbing:
    dr. Rianita Juniati, Sp.PD-KGEH, FINASIM
    Definisi KAD

    KAD merupakan suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan


    peningkatan kadar glukosa darah (300 - 600 mg/dL), disertai
    tanda dan gejala asidosis dan plasma keton (+) kuat.

    PERKENI. Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2


    Dewasa di Indonesia (1st ed.). PB. PERKENI. 2021.
    Patogenesis

    Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE,


    Miles JM, Fisher JN.
    Hyperglycemic crises in adult
    patients with diabetes. Diabetes
    Care. 2009;32(7):1335–43.
    Patofisiologi
    dan
    Manifestasi
    Klinis KAD
    Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult
    diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes. 2014;7:255–64.

    Diagnosis KAD

    Kriteria diagnostik DKA meliputi adanya


    • glukosa darah > 250 mg/dL,
    • pH arteri ≤7,30,
    • kadar bikarbonat ≤18 mEq/L,
    • anion gap albumin >10–12.
    • Keton serum dan urin yang positif mendukung diagnosis DKA.
    • Kadar β-OHB >3,8 mmol/L  sangat sensitif dan spesifik untuk diagnosis DKA.
    • Pada pasien PGK stadium 4-5, diagnosis DKA sulit asidosis metabolik kronis Anion
    gap harus >20.
    Derajat Berat Ringan KAD

    Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE,


    Miles JM, Fisher JN.
    Hyperglycemic crises in adult
    patients with diabetes. Diabetes
    Care. 2009;32(7):1335–43.
    Tatalaksana
    KAD

    Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE,


    Miles JM, Fisher JN.
    Hyperglycemic crises in adult
    patients with diabetes. Diabetes
    Care. 2009;32(7):1335–43.
    Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult
    diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes. 2014;7:255–64.
    Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult
    diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes. 2014;7:255–64.
    Thanks!

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