SPACESHIP BATTLES

AGREEMENT
RAJLIN RONALDO M
21BLA1096
 INTRODUCTION
● Agreement governing the activities of states on the moon and other celestial bodies (Moon
Agreement)
● Drafted during the end of the space race between the USA and the USSR
● Adopted by General assembly in its resolution 34/68, entered into force on 11 July 1984.
● Regions of space must only be for peaceful purposes, with no state allowed to establish
military bases or place weapons on celestial bodies.
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
• Cold War Distension (1960s-1970s)

• Space Race and Apollo 11 (Late 1960s)

• Arms Control Initiatives (1960s-1970s)

• COPUOS Discussions (1969)

• UNCLOS and Antarctic Treaty Influence

• Drafting and Entry into Force (1979-1984)

 TREATY OBLIGATIONS

Demilitarization and No Weapons of Mass Information Sharing

Peaceful Use Destruction

Common Heritage of No National

No Right of Ownership
Mankind Appropriation
 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS
• Article 4: “Province of Mankind
• Article 11: Common Heritage of Mankind
• Article 5: Information Sharing and Cooperation
• Article 6: Freedom of Scientific Investigation
• Article 7: Environmental Protection
• Article 8: Freedom of Exploration and Use
• Article 10: Safeguarding Life and Health
• Article 15: Verification and Consultation
 THE MOON AGREEMENT IN
THE 21ST CENTURY
• Countries like the US, China, and India are planning new missions for exploring the
Moon and beyond.

• More nations and private companies are getting involved, creating a need for clear
rules and collaboration in space activities.

• In 2007, 14 space agencies made a plan called the "Global Exploration Strategy" to
work together peacefully in this new era of space exploration.

• Moon Agreement is like a set of rules created by many countries to ensure the
peaceful use of the Moon and other celestial bodies.

• Only 13 countries fully agreed to these rules, and four more are interested but haven't
completely committed, sparking ongoing discussions about the best way to explore
space together.
THANK YOU