Department of Computer Science

Chapter 3-2
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Triple-DES
AES and 3DES

Instructor: Zufan W.

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard

Triple-DES (3DES )
Triple DES (3DES, 3-DES,TDES) is based on the
DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm,
therefore it is very easy to modify existing software
to use Triple DES.

It also has the advantage of sure reliability and a

longer key length that eliminates many of the
attacks that can be used to reduce the amount of
time it takes to break DES.

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard

Triple-DES (3DES )

DES algorithm used three time

K1 is used to encrypt a message (P) resulting in C1
cipher text.

K2 is used to decrypt C1 resulting in C2 cipher

text.

K3 is used to encrypt C2 resulting in C3 cipher

text

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard

Triple-DES (3DES )

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard

Triple-DES (3DES )- 3DES Technical

Still using the DES block cipher with 56-
bits keys.

Applying three different keys yields

effective key length of 168-bits.

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard
Triple-DES (3DES )- 3DES Technical

Fig: 3DES Algorithm

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 Triple- Advanced Encryption Standard

Triple-DES (3DES )- 3DES Technical

However, even this more powerful version

of DES may not be strong enough to
protect data for very much longer (due in
particular to the small block size).

As such, the DES algorithm itself has

become obsolete and is no longer used.

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

AES is a symmetric key cryptography algorithm that

published by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) in 2001.

The algorithm was proposed or designed by AE Rijndael so

the algorithm also know as Rijndael encryption algorithm.

 AES is a symmetric block cipher that is intended to replace

DES as the approved standard for a wide range of
applications.

AES is a replacement of DES

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

The initial criteria evaluation defined by NIST for selection AES

fall into three areas:

Security effort for practical cryptanalysis

Cost in terms of computational efficiency
Algorithm and implementation characteristics

Rijndael was designed to have the following characteristics:

 Resistance against all known attacks.
 Speed and code compactness on a wide range of
platforms.
 Design Simplicity, clean, fast, good security margin

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

After testing and evaluation shortlist in Aug-99

 MARS(IBM) - complex, fast, high security margin

 RC6(USA) -very simple, very fast, low security margin

 Rijndael (Belguim) - clean, fast, good security margin

 Serpent (Euro) -slow, clean, very high security margin

 Twofisg (USA) -complex, very fast, high security margin

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

 They design a simplicity that has 128/192/256-bit keys and 128

bits of data.

 Compared to public-key ciphers such as RSA, the structure of

AES a most symmetric ciphers are quite complex and cannot
be explained as easily as many other cryptographic
algorithms.

 This algorithm resistant against known attacks and have high

speed and code compactness on many CPUs.

 AES processes data as block of 4 columns of 4 bytes (128bits)

and operates on entire data block in every round.

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

The cipher takes a plaintext block size of

128 bits, or 16 bytes.

The key length can be 16, 24, or 32 bytes

(128, 192, or 256 bits).

The algorithm is referred to as AES-128,

AES-192, or AES-256, depending on the
key length.

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 Advanced Encryption Standard

General Design of AES Encryption Cipher

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