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Lecture 1 Economic Growth Potential Output
Lecture 1 Economic Growth Potential Output
Introduction to Macroeconomics :
What is Economic Growth and
Potential Output
Parkin, Ch 23
Hubbard, Ch 21 & 22
1
Learning Outcome
Microeconomics vs Macroeconomics
Asian
crisis
The economic growth rate is the annual percentage change in real GDP
The economic growth rate tells us how rapidly the total economy is
expanding (or contracting)
We are also interested in economic growth over the long run
© 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Economic growth (average % per annum)
Malaysia: %
change in real
GDP
Long Run
trend 4.5%
Growth in
actual output
Good X
b
a
O
Good Y
© 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Growth and the production possibility curve
Growth in
potential output
Good X
I II
O
Good Y
© 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Growth and the production possibility curve
Growth in
z actual and
potential output
y
Good X
I II
O
Good Y
© 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Long-term economic growth
Causes of long-term growth
• increases in the quantity of factors of production:
labour, land and capital
– the problem of decreasing returns can set in
13
The Aggregate Labor Market
The real wage rate is the money
wage rate divided by the price level.
15
What Makes Potential GDP Grow?
17
Diminishing Returns
The increase in aggregate
hours increases potential
GDP…but…
Because of decreasing returns,
…...decreases real GDP per
hour of labor.
18
Growth in Labor Productivity
Suppose:
We find some way of making labor become more
productive e.g. more skillful, firms would be willing to pay
more for a given hour so the demand for labor increases.
Grows? 18
Technological Advances
Technological change—the discovery and the application of
new technologies and new goods—has contributed
immensely to increasing labor productivity.
© 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Effect of technological progress on
growth rates & potential output
Lower rate
of technological
progress