Child Health Nursing

Objectives
• At the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
• Discuss the global perspectives of child health nursing. (K.G.H.E.1)
• Recognize the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. (K.G.H.E.1)
• Discuss the major factors that affect child mortality rate. (K.G.H.E.1, C.G.H.E.2, K-PH.I.1,C-
PH.I.1 )
• Explain statistical terms related to pediatric health. (K.G.H.E.1, C-G.H.E.2, K-PH.I.1,C-PH.I.1)
• Discuss the definition of pediatric health. (K.G.H.E.1, C.G.H.E.2, K-PH.I.1,C-PH.I.1 )
• Explain The Sustainable Development Goals. (K.G.H.E.1, C.G.H.E.2, K-PH.I.1,C-PH.I.1, K-
H.P.M.1, S-H.P.M.1,C-H.P.M.1, K-H.P.M.2, C-H.P.M.2, S-H.P.M.2 )
• Demonstrate the Role of Pediatric Nurse. (K.G.H.E.1, C.G.H.E.2, K-PH.I.1,C-PH.I.1, K-
H.P.M.1, S-H.P.M.1,C-H.P.M.1, K-H.P.M.2, C-H.P.M.2, S-H.P.M.2 )
• Discuss the Levels of Health Prevention. (K-H.P.M.1, , K-H.P.M.2, K-PH.I.1, K-PH.I.2)
• Discuss the settings where pediatric nurses are involved. (K.G.H.E.1, C-G.H.E.2)
• Explain the concept of family centered care approach. (K-H.P.M.1, , K-H.P.M.2, K-PH.I.1, K-
PH.I.2)
 Introduction
• Protecting and improving the health of children is of
fundamental importance.
• Over the past several decades, a dramatic progress in
improving the health and reducing the mortality rate
of young children was seen.
• Among encouraging statistics, the number of children
dying before the age of 5 was halved from 2000 to
2017, and more mothers and children are surviving
today than ever before.
 Introduction
• A great deal of work remains to further
improve the health outcomes for children.
• More than half of child deaths are due to
conditions that could be easily prevented or
treated given access to health care and
improvements to their quality of life.
 Introduction
• At the same time, children must also be given
a stable environment in which to thrive,
including good health and nutrition, protection
from threats and access to opportunities to
learn and grow.
• Investing in children is one of the most
important things a society can do to build a
better future.
 Introduction
• Study of Pediatrics began in mid-1800s.
• Abraham Jacobi (1830 –1919) was a German
physician and pioneer of pediatrics, opening the
first children's clinic in the United States.
• He is regarded as the Father of American
Pediatrics.
 Health During Childhood
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease (The World Health Organization,
1946).
 Pediatric health
• Pediatric health can be defined as the branch
of medical science that deals with the care of
childhood from birth to adolescent in health
and illness. It concern with prevention,
promotion, curative and rehabilitative care of
children.
 Child Health Nursing
• The art and science of giving nursing care to
children from birth through adolescent with
emphasis on the physical growth, mental,
emotional and psycho-social development.
 Statistical terms
Birth rate The number of birth per 1000 population

Neonatal The no. of deaths per 1000 live births

death rate occurring between birth and the first 28 days
of life

Infant The no. of deaths per 1000 live births

mortality occurring at birth or on the first 12 months of
rate extra uterine life
Maternal The no. of maternal deaths per 100,000 live
mortality births that occur as a direct result of the
rate childbearing process

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 Statistics in Jordan
• Birth rate: The current birth rate for Jordan in 2023
is 20.681 births per 1000 people.
• Neonatal death rate: 8.54 in 2021 deaths per 1000
live births.
• Infant mortality: The current infant mortality rate
for Jordan in 2023 is 12.802 deaths per 1000 live
births.
• Under-5 mortality: 14.60 in 2021per 1000 live
births.
• Maternal mortality rate: 41.31 in 2020 per
100,000 live births.
 Declaration of the Rights of the Child

• Declaration of the rights of the child as

published by the
International Save the Children Union in
Geneva on 23 February 1923:
• The child must be given the means requisite
for its normal development, both materially
and spiritually.
 Declaration of the Rights of the Child s

• The child that is hungry must be fed, the child

that is sick must be nursed, the child that is
backward must be helped, the delinquent child
must be reclaimed, and the orphan and the
waif must be sheltered and succoured.
 Declaration of the Rights of the Child

• The child must be the first to receive relief in

times of distress.
• The child must be put in a position to earn a
livelihood, and must be protected against
every form of exploitation.
• The child must be brought up in the
consciousness that its talents must be devoted
to the service of its fellow men.
 Major Factors that affect child mortality rate

• Quality of family living conditions.

• Prevalence and mode of transmission of
infections disease agents.
• Nutritional status of the child.
 Cont’d
• In most developing countries, general
improvements in sanitation, water supplies,
education, & access to preventive and curative
health care have led to declines in childhood
mortality.
 Sustainable Development Goal 3

• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

adopted by the United Nations in 2015 were
developed to promote healthy lives and well-
being for all children. The SDG Goal 3 is to
end preventable deaths of newborns and
under-5 children by 2030.
 Sustainable Development Goal 3

• There are two targets:

1. Reduce newborn mortality to at least as low as
12 per 1000 live births in every country.
2. Reduce under-five mortality to at least as low
as 25 per 1000 live births in every country.
 Role of Pediatric Nurse
• The pediatric nurse’s role is unique because of
developmental immaturity and vulnerability of
children.
• Pediatric nurse is involved in all aspects of
children growth & Development.
• The primary concern is the welfare of the
child and family.
 Roles of the Pediatric Nurse
 Health promotion and disease prevention
 Health teaching.
 Support/counseling.
 Applied the three levels of health prevention
 Coordination/collaboration
 Ethical decision making
 Health care planning
 Research
 Levels of Health Prevention

Levels of Health Prevention Description

Prevent the occurrence of

Primary health prevention
disease

Early detection and

Secondary health prevention
intervention

Prevent further
Tertiary health prevention
deterioration (rehabilitation)
 Health Promotion

Childhood Immunizations
Nutrition
Screenings throughout childhood
(APGARS, newborn screenings, vision/hearing)

Health Teaching

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 Settings where pediatric nurses
are involved:
• Acute care setting, schools, clinics, physician
office, home health agencies, rehabilitation
centres, hospice programme, day care centres,
psychiatric centres, summer camps

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 Family centered care approach

• Family centered care is philosophy of

care that acknowledges the importance of
the family unit as the fundamental focus
of all health care interventions.
• Family centered care is best understood
by explaining the elements of this care
that work together to move an individual
or an institution toward providing a
family centered approach. These elements
recognize each family's uniqueness and
explain the influence of the family as a
constant in the child's life.
• Health team should be flexible and
creative in caring for the child within
his family as their intervention are
based on the needs of parent and
child and on their coping resources.
• Although the family is the ultimate
coordinator of its own care, the nurse can
help establish a positive environment for
family members and help them accept
and utilize the care provided.
QUESTIONS?