•Who among you

experienced injuries?
SPORTS- RELATED
INJURIES
•INJURIES- are damaged
tissues or organs which occur
when it encounters trauma or
physical force than what is
greater than what it can resist
or absorb.
•Factors influencing the ability
of our tissues or organs to
effectively resist or absorb
forces include inherent
abnormality, age, technique.
Fitness level equipment and
environmental aspects.
•Tissues and organs react to the impact and direction of the
force.
•Tensile forces are those that act away from the center of
the structure, causing a pull or stretch.
• Compressive forces impact the center causing it to bend or
fold.
•Shear forces are opposing toward the different ends of the
structure causing it to twist.
•TYPES OF INJURIES

•ACUTE INJURIES
•CHRONIC INJURIES
•Acute Injuries have
signs and symptoms
that manifest
immediately after
force application.
• Sprain- are
overstretched
ligament. A
common sprained
ligament is the
Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)
•Strain- is a
twist, pull,
or tear of
muscle or
tendon.
•Fracture-
Injuries
that breaks
in the
continuity
of the bone
•Dislocation-
a separation
of two bones
where they
meet at a
joint.
• Concussion- are
life- threatening
injuries because
they disrupt the
normal function
of the brain. A
severe blow to
the head could
cause the blood
vessels in the
brain to rupture.
•Chronic or overuse
injuries occur after
a long period of
exposure to the
force.
• Stress
Fracture-
commonly
occur among
runners who
train for long
periods
without
adequate rest
periods.
• Tendinopathy
/ Tendinitis-
usually a type
of overuse
injury, where
the tendon is
repeatedly
strained until
tiny tears
form.
• Osteoarthritis- is the wear and tear
of a joint that results to its
deterioration.
• Bursitis- the bursa is a sac like
muscukeletal structure that provides
support and cushioning to the joint.
FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES

STRUCTURE FUNCTION ACUTE INJURY

Ligaments Stabilize Joints Sprain

Tendons Attaches Muscles to bones Strain

Muscles Creates Movements Strain

Bones Anchor for Muscles Fracture

Joints Fulcrum for movement Dislocation

 *CLASSIFICATION OF SPRAINS AND STRAINS ACCORDING TO SEVERITY
CATEGORY FIBERS DAMAGED LOSS OF FUNCTION

Mild (First Degree) Minimal tear Pain when moved

Moderate (Second degree) Partial tear Pain at rest and when moved

Severe (third degree) Complete tear Complete loss of function

•INJURY EVALUATION
AND FIRST AID
•Injury evaluation is NOT the same
as diagnosis. The doctor is the only
person allowed to diagnose the
condition of a patient. Evaluation
happens in the field while the
diagnostic process occurs in the
doctors clinic.
•The goal of the injury
evaluation process is to rule
out the presence of severe
injury or life threatening
condition, how to transport the
patients and the appropriate
first aid while transporting the
patients.
•BASICS OF
FIRST AID
•FIRST AID- is the
immediate and temporary
treatment given to a victim
of accident or sudden
illness before the services
of the physician is obtained.
•Take note: just listening to
this lesson will not prepare
you to handle an emergency.
Only training and practices
will do that.
• While trying to help, an untrained person
may make mistakes that can cause even
more harm to the victim.
• For this reason the first rule of first aid
not to cause further harm.
• Once the victim has been examined, there are
three important rules to remember!
• FIRST, a patient should not be moved unless it
is absolutely necessary.
• Moving the body may make certain injuries
even worse.
• SECOND important rule applies to victims who
have a foreign object, such as a piece of
metal, stuck in some part of the body.
• The object would not be removed because it
may have entered a major artery and removal
could cause more bleeding.
•THIRD important rule is
that a person having
convulsions or an
unconscious person should
not be given anything to eat
or drink.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
• OBSERVANT- notice all signs and symptoms of the
victim.
• RESOURCEFUL- used of an improvised materials
• TACTFUL- should not alarmed the victim.
• CHEERFUL- happy expression of the face.
• SYMPATHETIC- should be comforting.
•QUIZ TIME!
• 1. These are damaged tissues or organs
which occur when it encounters trauma or
physical force that is greater than what it
can resist or absorb.
• 2. Injuries that breaks in the continuity
of the bone. It usually occurs as a result
of high impact forces that cause the bone
to bend or twist.
• 3. Overstretched ligament.
• 4. Type of injuries that have signs and symptoms
that manifest immediately after force
application.
• 5. He is the only person allowed to diagnose
the condition of a patient.
• 6. It is the immediate and temporary
treatment given to a victim of accident
• 7-10 Give at least 3 characteristic of a good
first aider