Alternative

Approaches
Total Physical Response & The Natural Approach

Presented by :
Carolina, Endah Agustiani, and Winarti
What?
Alternative Approaches are…
Approaches that are considered more suitable to
be used for learning conditions that occur in
education centers.
Kinds of Alternative
approaches
Total Physical The Natural
Response Approach

The Silent way Suggestopedia

Community
Language Learning
Today we will discuss about …

Total Physical The Natural

Response Approach
 01 Total Physica
TPR is a language teaching method built Response
around the coordination of speech and
action: It attempts to teach language
through physical (motor) activity.
1. Approach
A. Theory of Language
Asher states that “ most of the grammatical
structure of the target language and
hundreds of vocabulary items can be learned
from the skillful use of the imperative by the
instructor” (1977:4). He views the verb in the
imperative as the central linguistic motif
around which language use and learning are
organized.
 B. Theory of Learning
Asher draws on three rather influential learning hypotheses:

1. A specific innate bio-program for language learning defines an optimal

path for first and second language development.
2. Brain lateralization defines different learning functions in the left
and fifth brain hemispheres.
3. Stress (an affective filter) intervenes between the act of learning
and what is to be learned: the lower the stress, the greater the
learning.
2. Design
Objective
The general objectives of TPR
are to teach oral proficiency at
a beginning level. A TPR
course aims to produce
learners who are capable of
uninhibited communication
that is intelligible to a native
speaker.
The Syllabus
Asher sees a need for attention
to both the global meaning of
Types of learning and
the language of the overall teaching activities
communicative purpose and
the finer details of its 1. Learners Role
organization, that is, its 2. Teacher Role
grammatical structure. The 3. The Role of Instructional
movement of the body seems Material
to be a powerful mediator for
understanding.
3. Procedure
A typical procedure for students in the
early phase of a new course, before
conversational dialogues are
introduced, is presented below and
serves as a source information on the
procedures used in the TPR
classroom.
 02
Krashen and Terrel see communication as the
primary function of the language, thus, this approach
focuses on teaching communicative abilities.
This approach is based on the use of language in
communicative situations without recourse to the
native language and without reference to
grammatical analysis, drill, or any particular
The Natural
Approach
grammar theory.
1. Approach
A. Theory of Language
Krashen & Terrel – Communication, as the
primary function of language.
And they were against earlier methods that
had focused on grammar.
Because they were built not around “actual
theories of language acquisition but on
theories of something else, e.g. structure of
language (Krashen & Terrel).
 B. Theory of Learning
Here, Krashen’s five Hypothesis of the theory of learning in the Natural Approach

1. Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis This approach states that there are two distinctive ways of developing competence in a second language . The
acquisition is the “natural” way, as children’s language development (is unconscious). Learning refers to a
process in which conscious rules about language are developed.

2. The Monitor Hypothesis This hypothesis is used when the learner can check and correct language output .

3. The Natural Order Hypothesis The hypothesis states that we acquire the rules of language in a predictable order , some rules tending to come
early and others late.

4. The Input Hypothesis An important condition for language to occur is that the acquirer understands (via listening or reading ) input
language that contains structure “a bit beyond” his or her current level of competence .

5. The Affective Filter Hypothesis This hypothesis represents the quality of Krashen ’s view that the number of ‘affective variables ’ (motivation ,
self-confidence, attitude, anxiety, and other emotional states) play a facilitative role in a second language
acquisition
 3. Design
01 02 03
Objective The Syllabus Types of Learning and
Teaching Activities
The Natural Approach is designed Communicative Syllabus Learners start to talk when they
for beginners to help them
are ready
become intermediates

04 05 06
Learner Roles Teacher Roles The roles of instructional
materials
The processor of Comprehensible The primary source of  Realia more than textbooks
input comprehensible input  Visual aids
 Brochures, maps, advertisements,
menus, schedules
 Syllabus of topic and situations.
 4. Procedure

The Natural Approach adopts techniques and activities

from different sources which are components of SLT, CLT,
TPR, etc.
Activities are used to provide comprehensible
input, without requiring the production of
responses.
 Discussion Section…
Do you have questions, suggestions, or opinions?
Let’s discuss it!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons
by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik