All organisms or

Pertains to organisms
species on Earth have What does
1
that no longer exist at
the present time , but
have existed in the past
1
already been
identified 2
“BIO” means?
(True or False)
Refers to species of Give one common
Give one cause of

2 2
organisms whose

2
extinction which is
population is so low
reason for a
directly brought about that it has the tendency species to go
by human activity to become extinct extinct
Human activities are Extinction of species

1
The gradual change
1
among the causes of does not give the
species of extinction earth harmful effect
(True or False) (True or False)
of
one state
2
organisms
to
from
another
 Chapter 3
BIODIVERSITY
&
EVOLUTION
BIODIVERSITY
“BIOS”
-life
“DIVERSITAS
” - Variety or differences
BIODIVERSITY
Refers to the
number and
variety of life
found on Earth
Hierarchy
of Ecology
• Hierarchy of ecology
1. Individual- first level of ecological hierarchy which examines how one organism interacts with its environment
•Example: Elephant
2. Population- group of individuals of the same species, inhabiting the same area, and functioning as a unit of biotic
community
•Example: A parade of elephant
3. Community- organization results from interdependence and interactions amongst population of different species in a habitat
•Example: The elephant and crocodile
4. Ecosystem- parts of nature where living organisms interact amongst themselves and with their physical environment
•Example: rainforest in the Philippines
5. Biome- area of the planet that can be classified according to the plants and animals that live in it.
•Example: grassland
6. Biosphere- entire inhabited part of the earth and its atmosphere including the living components
 Coconut Tubataha
Plantation Reef
 What happens to a
community when its
species diversity is
reduced?
 BIODIVERSITY INDEX
Scale of the diversity of plant and
animal species in given area
Used to estimate the complexity ,
stability, and general health of an
ecosystem
 BIODIVERSITY INDEX
Biodiversity Index= Total # of different species
Total # of Living Items
 “Population of
an organism can
change
overtime.”
 Limiting Factors
described as lack of particular resources
Limiting Factors
Limiting Factors
 Carrying Capacity
Size of biological species that
can be sustained in a specific
environment
 What happens if the
living conditions of these
organisms are not ideal
for their survival?
 Endangered Species
When the number of species decreases
in size, and only few remain and
possibly becomes extinct in the future
 Threatened Species
Species that have rapidly
decreasing numbers of
individuals
 Extinct Species
Last member of a
species is gone
 What do you think
are the major causes
of species extinction?
 Natural and
Anthropogenic Causes
of Species Extinction
 A. Identify whether the following
causes of extinction is NATURAL
or ANTHROPOGENIC.

1.Deforestation
2.Land Development
3.Climate change
4. Pollution
5. Destruction of coastal resources/ habitat
loss
6. Meteoroic impact/ cosmic radiation
7. Disease/ epidemic
8. Acid precipitation
9. The spread of invasive species
10. Overexploitation
 Natural Causes of Species
Extinction
• Climate change
• Meteoric impact/ cosmic radiation
• Disease/ epidemic
• Acid precipitation
• The spread of invasive species
Climate change
Meteoric Impact/
Cosmic Radiation
Disease/ Epidemic
Acid Precipitation
The spread
of invasive
species
 Anthropogenic Causes of
Species Extinction
• Deforestation
• Pollution
• Overexploitation
• Destruction of coastal resources
• Land development
Deforestation
Pollution
 Over-
exploitation
Destruction of coastal
resources
Land development
B. Choose the
description for each
natural causes.
1. The sudden changes in the earth’s
atmosphere
2. Result of air pollution
3. Infectious disease causes the change in
biological populations
4. Massive asteroid or meteor hits the
surface of the earth
5. New species destroys and replaces the
natural value and number of native species
C. Choose the
description for each
anthropogenic
causes.
1. Using of dynamite in fishing, muro-ami,
conversion of beach into residences, and
overharvesting of fishes
2. Illegal logging and Kaingin farming
3. Introduction of chemical into the environment
4. Conversion of land into residential area or
building
5. Harvesting exceeds reproduction of plants and
animals
 Performance Task # 4
Multimedia Making
Make a timeline showing
the extinction of
representative
microorganisms, plants and
animals.