A project by

<Phd.Dr.Parvana
Aliyeva>

<Cesarian Section>
A C-section (or
cesarean birth)

is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby

when a vaginal delivery can't be done safely.
A C-section can be planned ahead of time or
performed in an emergency. It carries more risk
than a vaginal delivery, with a slightly longer
recovery period.
  Up-and-down (vertical). This incision extends
from the belly button to the pubic hairline.
 or
The incision  Across from side-to-side (horizontal). This
made in the skin incision extends across the pubic hairline. It is
may be: used most often, because it heals well and there
is less bleeding.
 The type of incision used depends on the health
of the mother and the fetus. The incision in the
uterus may also be either vertical or horizontal.
 You may need a C-section if you have certain medical conditions or if
complications occur during labor in a vaginal delivery. A planned C-section
happens when any of the following conditions exist:

 Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD): CPD is a term that means that

your baby's head or body is too large to pass safely through your
pelvis, or your pelvis is too small to deliver an average-sized baby.
When  Previous C-section: Although it’s possible to have a vaginal birth
would I after a previous C-section, it’s not an option for everyone. Factors that
need a can affect this include type of uterine incision used in the previous C-
section and the risk of uterine rupture.
C-section?  Expecting multiples: Although twins can often be delivered
vaginally, two or more babies might require a C-section.
 Placenta previa: In this condition, the placenta is attached too low in
your uterus and blocks your baby's exit through your cervix .
  Transverse lie: The baby is in a horizontal, or sideways, position in
your uterus.

When  Breech presentation: In a breech presentation, your baby's feet- or

bottom-first in your uterus. Some providers may attempt to turn your
would I baby, but a C-section will be necessary if that's unsuccessful.
need a  Health conditions: Conditions like heart disease could worsen with
C-section? labor during a vaginal birth. A C-section is necessary if you have
genital herpes at the time of delivery.
 Obstruction: A large uterine fibroid, a pelvic fracture or you're
expecting a baby with certain congenital anomalies may also be
reasons for a C-section.
 1 2
Labor isn't progressing:
 Also called prolonged labor,
this means your cervix dilates
and stops, doesn't efface (or
thin) or your baby stops
moving down the birth canal.
An unplanned
C-section delivery might
be necessary if any of the
following conditions
arise during your labor :
Umbilical cord compression:
 The umbilical cord is looped
around your baby's neck or
body or caught between your
baby's head and your pelvis.
4 Fetal distress:
Placental abruption:
 The placenta separates from
the wall of your uterus before
your baby is born.
3
Umbilical cord prolapse:
 The umbilical cord comes out
of your cervix before your
baby does.
5
 Your baby might develop
problems that cause an
irregular heart rate during
labor. Your obstetrician might
decide that the baby can no
longer tolerate labor and that a
C-section is necessary.
 If you have a planned C-section, the following procedures
will take place:

 You'll sign consent forms for the procedure.

 The anesthesiologist will discuss options for anesthesia. Most often,

Procedure it's an epidural (or spinal block) that numbs you from your breasts
down to your feet.
Details  The hair in the area around the incision will be clipped or shaved.
 A catheter will be inserted to keep your bladder empty.
 You will have heart and blood pressure monitors applied.
 You'll get an IV in your hand or arm to give you medicine and fluid.
 You'll discuss the procedure and what to expect with your obstetrician
(if you haven't already).
 What actually happens during a C-section?
The first step in a C-section procedure is preparing you for anesthesia. Most planned C-sections use an
epidural, so you are awake for the delivery. However, in some cases, you're asleep under general anesthesia.
Your abdomen will be cleaned with an antiseptic, and you might have an oxygen mask placed over your
mouth and nose to increase oxygen to your baby. Next, your provider places a sterile drape around the
incision site and over your legs and chest. Finally, your providers raise a sterile curtain or drape between
your head and your lower body.
The obstetrician will then make an incision through your skin and into the wall of your abdomen. They
might use either a vertical or transverse incision. A horizontal incision is also called a bikini incision.
Next, your provider cuts a 3- to 4-inch incision into the wall of your uterus. This incision can also be
transverse or vertical. Finally, the obstetrician removes your baby through the incisions. The umbilical cord
is cut, the placenta is removed and the incisions are closed with stitches and staples.
Emergency C-sections follow the same steps; however, the speed at which your baby is removed is
different. During a planned C-section, the delivery takes about 10 to 15 minutes. Your provider removes
your baby in only a few minutes in an emergency C-section.
If you're awake for your C-section surgery, you will be able to see and hold your baby shortly after it's born.
 What type of
anesthetic?

For an epidural, a small area on your back will be

numbed with the injection of a local anesthetic. Then
an anesthesiologist inserts a tiny tube called a
catheter through a needle inserted in the lower back.
The needle is removed and the catheter left in place
so anesthesia medication can be delivered through
this tube as needed, to numb the entire abdomen for
surgery. Although there is no pain, there may be a
feeling of pressure as the needle is being inserted.
•For a spinal block, an anesthesiologist injects
medication into the spinal fluid through a needle
inserted in the lower back. After the medication is
administered, the needle is removed. The relief from
pain is immediate and lasts from an hour and a half to
three hours. You will be numb from your abdomen to
your legs and feel no pain.
 How long
does a
C-section
surgery
The typical C-section takes about 45 minutes from start to
take?
finish. Different types of emergencies can arise during a
delivery. In some cases, the delivery will happen very
quickly, with your baby being delivered in as little as 15
minutes. This is an emergency C-section.
 Like any surgery, a C-section involves
What are the some risks. The risks of complications
are slightly higher with C-sections
risks involved in than with vaginal delivery. These
a C-section? might include:

 Infection.
 Loss of blood (hemorrhage).
 A blood clot that may break off and enter your bloodstream
(embolism).
 Injury to the bowel or bladder.
 A cut that might weaken the uterine wall.
 Abnormalities of the placenta in future pregnancies.
 Risks from general anesthesia.
 Fetal injury.
 Other
disadvantages
of having a C-  Recovering from a C-section may be
section are: more difficult than a vaginal delivery.
 C-sections are more likely to cause
chronic pelvic pain.
 You're more likely to have a C-section
in future pregnancies.
 Your baby may have trouble
breastfeeding.
 Your baby may be at greater risk for
breathing problems.
 How long does a C-section recovery take?
Once the anesthesia wears off, you’ll begin to feel the pain from the incisions. You
might also experience gas pains and have trouble taking deep breaths. Make sure an
adult is there to help you get up from bed the first several days following C-section
surgery. Most people stay in the hospital between two and three days.
A full recovery can take between four and six weeks. Ask your healthcare provider
what you can expect during recovery. Most providers recommend avoiding steps,
lifting, exercise and other strenuous activities for several weeks. Ask your friends or
partner for help with errands, cooking and cleaning so you can rest and recover.
Your provider may put restrictions on driving until you're able to turn your body
and apply pressure to the pedals with ease.
You can expect cramping and bleeding for up to six weeks, as well as some
discomfort around the incision. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as
acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain may help. Avoid sex for at least six weeks
or until your healthcare provider gives you the OK.
You will also have a vaginal discharge after the surgery due to the shedding of
your uterine lining. The discharge, called lochia, will be red at first and then
gradually change to yellow. Be sure to call your healthcare provider if you
experience heavy bleeding or a foul odor from the vaginal discharge. Use
sanitary pads, not tampons, until you're completely done bleeding.
 Increased pain,
redness, Trouble
Foul-smelling swelling, or breathing,
Heavy vaginal
Call your
drainage from bleeding or chest pain, or Fever or chills
your vagina other drainage heart
bleeding healthcare provider
from the
incision
palpitations
right away if any of
these occur:
 Can I have a baby vaginally after a C-section?

 The majority of people who had a C-section can consider a vaginal

delivery in future pregnancies. If you meet the following criteria, your
chances of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) are significantly
increased:
 Your provider used a low transverse incision.
 Your pelvis is not too small to accommodate an average-sized baby.
 You're not expecting multiples.
 Your first C-section was only performed because your baby was
breech.
Thanks for
attention!