Sound

Chapter 24
24-1 What is Sound?
 I can explain how sound waves are produced.

 I can describe how sound waves are

transmitted.

 I can compare the phases of matter as to

their ability to transmit sound

 I can describe how the speed of sound is

affected by the density of the medium through
which it travels.
How sounds are made…
 Sound is produced when matter vibrates.

 As an object vibrates, it gives energy to the

particles of matter around it.

 Sound is a longitudinal wave.

 It moves with a series of compression and

rarefactions.
Sound Waves

Molecules in the air vibrate about some average position

creating the compressions and rarefactions. We call the
frequency of sound the pitch.
 Anything that vibrates produces sound.

 When you speak, your vocal cords vibrate.

 Particles of air simply move back and forth.

 A radio would NOT work in outer space

because there is not any medium for sound to
travel through.

 “If a tree falls in the forest and no one is

present to hear it, is there a sound?”
Speed of Sound
 Determined by the temperature, elasticity,
and density of the medium.

 Temperature
 Sound travels slower in lower temperature
 Sound travels faster in higher temperature

 Average speed of sound in air = 340 m/s

Medium Speed (m/s)

Air 343

Helium 972

Water 1500

Steel 5600
Elasticity & Density
 Sound can travel through any medium.

 Greatest speed in solids, slowest speed in

gases.

 Fastest in more elastic mediums, solids are

more elastic.

 In materials of the same phase, the more

dense the slower the waves travel.
24-1 What is Sound?
 I can explain how sound waves are produced.

 I can describe how sound waves are

transmitted.

 I can compare the phases of matter as to

their ability to transmit sound

 I can describe how the speed of sound is

affected by the density of the medium through
which it travels.
Book Work
 24-1 Section Review
 Page 618
 #1-4

 Section 24-1 Worksheet

24-2 Properties of Sound
 I can describe the properties of sound waves.

 I can explain how frequency and pitch are

related.

 I can describe the Doppler effect.

Frequency & Pitch
 Sounds can be described by high or low
pitches.

 Pitch depends on how fast the particles of

the medium vibrate.

 Pitch is the number of waves in a given

amount of time, also known frequency.

 Meaning the pitch depends on the frequency.

 Pitch

 A measure of how high or low a sound is

 Pitch depends on the frequency of a sound wave
 For example,

- Low pitch - High pitch

- Low frequency - High frequency

- Longer wavelength - Shorter wavelength
Doppler Effect
 Police car speeding by:
 Higher pitch as approached, lower pitch as
moving away.

 Change in pitch is referred to as the Doppler

effect.
 Occurs whenever there is motion between the
source of a sound and its receiver.
 Source or receiver must be in motion.
Doppler Effect
 Police car moving towards you, pushing waves
together causing:
 Shorter wavelengths, higher freq., higher pitch.

 Police car moving away from you, spreading

waves out:
 Longer wavelengths, lower freq., lower pitch
Loudness

Chart

Loudness is
related to the
amount of
energy
carried by a
wave.
24-2 Properties of Sound
 I can describe the properties of sound waves.

 I can explain how frequency and pitch are

related.

 I can describe the Doppler effect.

Terms to Know
Pitch Book Work
Doppler Effect 24-2 Section Review
•Page 623
• #1-4

• Name that Sound

Worksheet
24-6 How You Hear

 I can identify the parts that make up the ear.

 I can explain how vibrations are converted

into electrical signals.
For Sound to be heard…
 You need 3 things:
 1. a source that produces the sound
 2. a medium to transmit the sound
 3. an organ of the body that detects the sound

 Sound enters the outer ear, vibrates

eardrum, enters middle ear and vibrates
liquid-filled inner ear.
Human Ear
Outer Ear
 The outer ear acts as funnel for the waves.

 The waves travel through the ear canal and hit

the lightly stretched membrane called the
eardrum causing it to vibrate.

 The vibrations then

enter the middle ear.
Middle Ear
 The middle ear contains the 3 smallest
bones in the body.
 hammer, anvil, stirrup

 The vibrations travel

through the 3 bones
and are transmitted to
a liquid-filled inner ear.
 Inner Ear
 The inner ear contains
the cochlea.

 Cochlea is snail shaped

 Contains liquid and
hundreds of cell
attached to nerve fibers
 The nerve fibers form
one larger nerve that
travels to the brain
where they are
interpreted as sound
Human Ear
24-6 How You Hear

 I can identify the parts that make up the ear.

 I can explain how vibrations are converted

into electrical signals.
Chapter Review Pg 638
 Multiple Choice
 #2-5, 9-10

 True or False After Chapter Review is

turned in…
 #1-4, 6
- Study vocabulary words

 Concept Mastery
 #1-4