Graphics and Multimedia Department

TBMMA326: Research
Methods
MMA 3rd Year
TBMMA326: Research Methods
TOPICS:
• Research Definition
• Research Paper Definition
• Term Paper Definition
• Thesis Definition
• Difference between Research Paper and a Term Paper
• Difference between Research Paper and a Thesis Paper
• Methodology: Definition
• Research Methodology: Definition
• Qualities of Good Academic Research
• Characteristics of the Researcher
• Qualities of a Good Researcher
• Types of Research
 Research Definition
• the systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions [1]
• a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new)
information or reach a (new) understanding [2]
• the systematic way to find out the truth. It involves systematic
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to answer a certain
question or solve a problem.[3]
References:
[1] https://ph.search.yahoo.com/
[2] https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/research
[3] https://www.slideshare.net/sanjaySDessai/research-project-methodology-for-undergraduate-students
 Research Paper Definition
• is a written document that presents the author’s original research,
analysis, and interpretation of a specific topic or issue.[1]
• A written project that involves the research of a specific topic and
the analysis of the information. it could be argumentative,
compare and contrast, cause and effect, and definition.[2]
• is a product of seeking information, analysis, human thinking, and
time. [3]
References
[1] https://researchmethod.net/research-paper/
[2] https://cdn.customessaymeister.com/file/H3A2gE746V7kxtn1LPDcL3ntREFM6LkmekjRbP5U.png
[3]https://wr1ter.com/research-paper
 Term Paper Definition
• a class requirement usually submitted at the end or towards the of
the term (or semester). Its purpose is to show the students’s
overall achievement the course of their term. It could be an
essay,research paper,a journal,a reaction paper, a reflection
paper,or specific project.[1]
• is a type of academic writing assignment that is typically assigned
to students at the end of a semester or term. It is usually a
research-based paper that is meant to demonstrate the student’s
understanding of a particular topic, as well as their ability to
analyze and synthesize information from various sources.[2]
References:
[1]https://cdn.customessaymeister.com/file/H3A2gE746V7kxtn1LPDcL3ntREFM6LkmekjRbP5U.png
[2]https://researchmethod.net/term-paper/
 Thesis Definition
• is a type of research paper based on your original
research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a
master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.[1]
• a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially
one that is done for a higher college or university degree.
[2]
References:
[1]https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/thesis/
[2]https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/thesis
 Difference between Research Paper and a Term
Paper
Research Paper Term paper
• Word count: 5000 or more words • Word count: 3000 to 5000 word
• Problem: specific problem • Problem: critical, essays, articles,
• Structure: specific structure etc
• Data Sources: interviews, • Structure: Arguments
observations, questionnaires, • Data sources: scholarly magazine,
surveys, etc. academic papers, and textbooks.
• Time Frame: it can be months or • Time frame : limited time to
even years to complete complete
References:
https://bohatala.com/difference-between-research-paper-and-
term-paper/
Difference between Research Paper and a Thesis
Paper
Thesis Paper
• A long academic paper that
serves as a final project for
a university degree
• Usually the final project
• Tends to be longer than a
research paper and takes
more time
Research Paper
• A type of academic writing
that involves research,
source evaluation, critical
thinking, organization, and
composition
• Students may be required to
write research papers for
assignments and homework
• Shorter and takes less time
Difference between Thesis Paper and a Research
Paper
Thesis Paper Research Paper
• Written under the
• Usually not written under
supervision of an academic
supervision.
advisor
• Students write research
• Students have to complete a
papers to expand their
thesis in order to complete
knowledge
their degree
References:
https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-thesis-
and-research-paper/
Methodology: Definition
• A methodology is a system of methods and principles for doing
something, for example for teaching or for carrying out research.
[1]
• a body of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a
discipline : a particular procedure or set of procedures [2]
• a system of ways of doing, teaching, or studying something [3]

References:
[1] https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/methodology
[2] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/methodology
[3] https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/methodology
Research Methodology: Definition

• describes the techniques and procedures used to identify and

analyze information regarding a specific research topic. [1]
• Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques
used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a
topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the
reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability.
[2]
References:
[1]https://paperpal.com/blog/academic-writing-guides/what-is-research-methodology
[2]https://libguides.wits.ac.za/c.php?g=693518&p=4914913#:~:text=Research%20methodology%20is%20the%20specific,study's%20overall%20validity
%20and%20reliability.
Qualities of Good Academic Research

1. Anchored on a sound Research Question

– It details exactly what a researcher wants to learn and defines a
study’s scope.
– Cummings et al(2013) suggest using finer criteria to create or
evaluate a research question.
• F - feasible 3 steps to writing a Good Research Question:
• I - interesting 1. Ask interesting questions
• 2. Choose the best question for research
N - novel 3. Turn the question into a testable hypothesis
• E - ethical
• R -relevant
 Qualities of Good Academic Research

2. Follows systematic, appropriate research methodology

 Common Research Methodologies

Qualitative research Quantitative research

• Non-numerical data
• Techniques includes
interviews, focus groups,
and case studies
• Interprets subjects’ beliefs,
experiences and behaviors
(Pathak et al., 2013)
• Involve data collection and analysis of Mixed-methods research
numerical data to discover patterns, Methodologies
test relationships,
and make predictions (Bhandari, 2021a) • It combine quantitative and
• Techniques includes surveys, qualitative methods.
experiments, and systematic observation
to collect accurate data.
Qualities of Good Academic Research

3.Acknowledges previous research on the topic

• Studying previous research on the topic.
4.Uses relevant, empirical data( data that has been
collected), and proper data analysis methods
5. Good research is representative and generalize
• Representativeness refers to a sample’s ability to represent a
larger group….subjects being studied closely match those of
the study’s target population ( Austin Research,2014).
Qualities of Good Academic Research

6. Good research is guide by the Logic

• Based on a valid procedures and principles.
7. Good Research has external validity:
-- population validity: research with findings that can be
generalized from the sample to the larger population has a
higher population validity.
-- ecological validity: if you can apply you study’s
findings to real-world situations and settings.
Qualities of Good Academic Research

8. Good research is replicable, reproducible, and

transparent
-- replicability: allows other researcher to test the study’s
finding, and it can improve the trustworthiness of a
research’s finding among readers (Understanding Health
Research,2020)
-- reproducible: if research achieve consistent results using
the same data and analysis method ( Miceli,2019)
-- transparent: or available to other researchers.
Qualities of Good Academic Research

9. Acknowledges its limitations and provides suggestions

for future research.
10.Good research is ethical
-- According to WHO research ethics provide standards of
conduct for scientific research…to protect the rights and
dignity of research participants while ensuring that the
researchers practice values, such as honesty, objectivity,
integrity, and accountability in their work ( Resnik,2020)
Qualities of Good Academic Research
• Common Ethics Violations:

FALSIFICATION FABRICATION PLAGIARISM

This involves making up This refers to the use
This involves the data or results of another person’s
manipulation and presenting work without giving due
or omission of data these as accurate credit
or findings

References:
https://www.slideshare.net/jhim1022/characteristics-ofresearch
https://www.slideshare.net/hermenio03/the-qualities-of-good-academic-research
https://www.slideshare.net/BalajiP6/research-methodology-36625908
 Characteristics
Intellectual Curiosity– of thePrudence–
Researcher researcher is
careful to conduct his study
researcher undertakes deep
at the right time and at the
thinking and inquiry of the things
right place wisely, efficiently,
problems, and situations around him
and economically

Health Criticism– the researcher is always

doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results

Intellectual Honesty -- Intellectual Creativity -–a

researcher is honest to collect resourceful investigator always
or gather the data or facts in creates new researches
order to arrive at honest results
Qualities of a Good Researcher
Research Oriented
Efficient
Scientific
Effective
Active
Resourceful
Creative
Honest
Economical
Religious
References:
https://www.slideshare.net/jhim1022/characteristics-ofresearch
 Types of Research
• Applied Research (scientific study).
Example:
– Improve agricultural crop production
– Treat or cure a specific disease
– Improves energy efficiency of homes offices, or modes of transportation.
• Basic Research (fundamental or pure or basic science investigation).
Example:
– What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly
• Correlational Research (systematic investigation or statistical study of
relationship among variables)
 Types of Research
• Descriptive Research (statistical research).
Example:
– Finding the frequent disease that affects children or youth
• Ethnographic Research ( investigation of the culture)
Example:
– It studies people, ethic groups and other ethnic formation,their ethno
genesis, compositions, resettlements, social welfare characteristics, as
well as their material and spiritual culture.
• Experimental Research (procedure, treatment, program )
Example: bp level measure
References:
https://www.slideshare.net/jhim1022/characteristics-ofresearch
https://www.slideshare.net/hermenio03/the-qualities-of-good-academic-research
https://www.slideshare.net/BalajiP6/research-methodology-36625908
 Types of Research
continuation;
• Exploratory Research
– types of research conducted for a problem that has not clearly define
– it helps determine the best research design, data collection method, and selection
of subjects.
• History/historical Research
– is a research involving analysis events that occured in the remote or recent past

References:
https://www.slideshare.net/jhim1022/characteristics-ofresearch
https://www.slideshare.net/hermenio03/the-qualities-of-good-academic-research
https://www.slideshare.net/BalajiP6/research-methodology-36625908