Chapter 8

Tastes and Preferences

“Science and art belong to the whole world, and
before them vanish the barriers of nationality.”

Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe
German
philosopher and writer
 Connecting to the Topic
1. Describe what you see in the photo. What kind of collection is this?
2. Do you collect anything? Clothes, objects, photos, technology, books,
etc.? Why or why not?
3. What types of art and products do you like to look at ? To buy?
 1. Previewing the Topic
1. Compare the map of the ancient Silk Road to the modern map of the
same area. What countries exist in this region today?
2. What was the purpose of caravans? Do people still have caravans today?
Why or why not?
 2. Previewing Vocabulary

Nouns • Destination • Oasis

• Archaeologists
• Documents • Pitcher

• Architecture
• Fabric • Silk

• Armor
• Frescoes • Spices

• Calligraphy
• Mausoleums • Statues

• Caravan
• Merchants

• Caves
• Mosques
• Network
 2. Previewing Vocabulary

Verbs • Exquisite
• Fertility
• Decorated
• Holy
• Depict • Significant
• Flowered • Vast

• Spread Expression
Adjectives • To this end
 3. Previewing the Reading
1. What is the topic of the reading? (Look at the title.)
2. What are the five subtopics? (Look at the heading of each section.)
3. What do the photos in the article lead you to expect?
 5. Checking Your Understanding (1)
1. A mirror from Pompeii, a water pitcher from China, and objects from
Shosoin Treasure House from Japan
2. East Asia and Mediterranean
3. Silk and glass
4. Goods, idea, and knowledge
5. They used to carry goods along one section of the road and sell them to
other merchants at an oasis in the desert or a town in the mountains.
 5. Checking Your Understanding
6. Figures of the Buddha wearing robe
7. Mosques, mausoleums, and palace in Uzbekistan
8. The dry, salty earth preserved the people’s bodies and the goods that
were buried with them
9. The living arts of these traditional lands
 6. Getting Meaning from Context (1)
1. Many of the wall painting depict scenes of everyday life.
• Verb
• Scenes of everyday life
• Portray in words; describe
 6. Getting Meaning from Context (2)
2. Timur built mosques for Islamic religious worship.
• Noun
• Built mosques
• Islamic religious worship
• A Muslim place of worship
 7. Getting Meaning from Context (1)
1. As in many religions worldwide, caves deep inside mountains seem to
have been important holy places for Buddhists.
• People dug a series of caves and decorated them with exquisite wall
paintings.
• Natural underground chamber in a hillside or cliff
 7. Getting Meaning from Context (2)
2. They were important holy places for Buddhists.
• The Koran (the book of Islam) taught that images of humans were unholy,
so many statues were destroyed.
• Dedicated to God or a religious purpose
 7. Getting Meaning from Context (3)
• In the Japanese city of Nara, the 8th Century Shosoin Treasure House holds
thousands of exquisite objects of great beauty.
• The creators of such buildings followed Islamic law by decorating them
with arabesques—exquisite designs of astonishing beauty with images of
flowers and geometric forms.
• Extremely beautiful and delicate
 8. Checking Your Vocabulary
1. Archeologists 7. Documents 13. significant
2. Armor 8. Destination
3. Fabric 9. Mausoleums
4. Calligraphy 10. Arabesque
5. Oasis 11. Merchants
6. To this end 12. Flowered
 Recognizing Summaries in a Reading
• In short • Therefore
• In brief • To sum up
• The result is • As we’ve seen
• In conclusion • Clearly
• In summary
• Thus
 9. Recognizing Summaries
1. Clearly, long before the globalization of our modern world, trade was going on
between very distant lands, and the objects tell a story about place and time.
2. In short, the Silk Road was the way that goods and ideas moved across a vast
area of Asia and southeastern Europe.
3. In brief, it is possible to follow the rise and fall of religions by studying the art
and architecture along the Silk Road.
4. Thus, archeologists are beginning to ask: were people moving along the Silk
Road long before we though they were?
5. The result is that the people along the ancient Silk Road continue to learn from
each other.
 10. Understanding Outlines (1)
I. Introduction: Cross-Cultural Evidence
A. 4
B. 7
C. 11
D. Trade between distant lands long before today’s globalization
 10. Understanding Outlines (2)
II. What Was the Silk Road?
A. 6
1. 8
2. Exchange of ideas and knowledge
B. 2
1. 12
2. figurative
 10. Understanding Outlines (3)
III. Art, Religion, and the Silk Road
A. 1
B. The spread of Islam toward the east
IV. A Question of Time: Two Views
C. 5
1. 100 B.C.E
2. 13
D. Archaeological view
1. 9
2. 15
 10. Understanding Outlines (4)
V. The Silk Road Today
A. 3
B. 10
C. 14
 12. Making Inferences
1. Tall, long noses and reddish hair
2. They were from Southeastern Europe
 Paragraph A
1. D
2. A, C, D
3. C
 Paragraph B
1. D
2. A, D
3. B
 Paragraph C
1. D
2. B, C
3. A
 Paragraph D
1. C
2. C, D
3. B
 Paragraph E
1. A
2. A, C, D
3. D
 2. Critical Thinking (1)
1. X
2. /
3. X
4. / The clientele of a Paris café, for example, might include both working-
class people and members of the highest society, but how can one tell the
difference when everyone is wearing denim jeans?
 2. Critical Thinking (2)
5. / In scarification…dirt or ashes are put into the cults instead of dye.
6. /Anthropologists explain that it is a form of magic protection against the
dangers of the world outside the village
7. X
8. / These days, tattooing has become common and is usually not symbolic
of rebellion.
 1. Recognizing Words with Similar
Meanings
1. b c a
2. A b c
3. A c b
 Understanding General and Specific
Words
“Beautiful art can found in different kinds of structures: churches, mosques,
and palaces.”

Structure = building
 2. Understanding General and Specific
Words
1. Art 5. Transportation
2. Script 6. Cosmetics
3. Architecture 7. Music
4. Traveler 8. Crime
 3. Understanding Connotations
1. +
2. -
3. -
4. +
5. -
6. -
 3. Understanding Connotations
1. Underweight 2. Beautiful
3. Plump 3. Hideous
5. Obese 4. Gorgeous
5. Ugly
6. Beautiful
7. ugly
 4. Choosing the Appropriate Words
1. B, C
2. A, B, D
3. A, C, D
 6. Recognizing Words in Phrases
A. in, of
B. Of
C. From, until
D. From, to
F. to, in
H. to, this
 Focus on Testing
1. Practice
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C