Programming Fundamentals

Course Code: CSC-101

Credit Hours: 4(3-3)
Introduction to Programming:
Computer programming is the process of designing and writing
computer programs.
As we have developed so many languages to communicate
among ourselves, computer scientists have developed several
computer programming languages to provide instruction to the
computers. There are hundred of programming languages which
can be used to write computer programs.
A programming language is a set of instructions and syntax used to create
software programs. Some of the key features of programming languages
include:
Syntax: The specific rules and structure used to write code in a programming
language.
Data Types: The type of values that can be stored in a program, such as
numbers, strings, and booleans.
Variables: Named memory locations that can store values.
Operators: Symbols used to perform operations on values, such as addition,
subtraction, and comparison.
Control Structures: Statements used to control the flow of a
program, such as if-else statements, loops, and function calls.
Libraries and Frameworks: Collections of pre-written code that can
be used to perform common tasks and speed up development.
Paradigms: The programming style or philosophy used in the
language, such as procedural, object-oriented, or functional.
Program Design Process:
Program design consists of the steps a programmer should do
before they start coding the program in a specific language.
These steps when properly documented will make the
completed program easier for other programmers to maintain
in the future. There are three broad areas of activity:
•Understanding the Program
•Using Design Tools to Create a Model
•Develop Test Data
Problem Solving Phases:
1.Specify the problem requirements.
2.Analyze the problem.
3.Design the algorithm to solve the problem.
4.Implement the algorithm.
5.Test and verify the completed program.
6.Documentation
Understanding Problem Solving Phase:

• Identifying the problem

• The Requirements (According to Specification)
• Planning Logic (Algorithm Development)
• Verify Logic