LESSON 7:

MACROMOLECULES
 GROUP 5
Wiljay Raphael C. Violanda Annika Sarcia
(Group Leader, PPT Maker, (Assistant-Leader,
Reporter) PPT maker)

Rea Victoria Jelaine Erich P. Kim

A. Ulzoron Ullang Villarante
(Reporter, PPT (Reporter)
Maker)

Cielo Mae Wilfred De Adrian

Tolentino Jesus (PPT Stamaria
(PPT maker) Maker) (PPT Maker)
CARBOHYDRATES
Presentation by Annika Sarcia
• REPRESENTED BY
THE FORMULA
(CH2O)n
• RING SHAPED UNITS
(MONOSACCHARIDE)
• MAIN SOURCE OF
ENERGY IN OUR BODY
THREE SUBTYPES
OF
CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDE
• SIMPLE SUGARS
• MOST MONOSACCHARIDE NAMES
END WITH -OSE
• TRIOSES, PENTOSES, AND
HEXOSES
EXAMPLES OF MONOSACCHARIDES:
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE

NOTE: THEY HAVE DIFFERENT ATOM

ARRANGEMENT DESPITE SHARING THE SAME
CHEMICAL FORMULA.
 DISACCHARIDE
• FORMED WHEN TWO
MONOSACCHARIDES UNDERGO A
DEHYDRATION REACTION
• THE HYDROXYL GROUP (-OH) COMBINES
WITH ANOTHER MONOSACCHARIDE
COMMON DISACCHARIDES:

• LACTOSE
• MALTOSE (MALT SUGAR)
• SUCROSE (TABLE SUGAR)
PROTEI
• Macromolecules that frequently include
additional elements but are primarily made
of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

• Polypeptide chains, which are extended

chains of amino acids, are the building
blocks of proteins.

• Found inside ALL different cell types, each

with a unique function
Enzymes found in some proteins
perform crucial biochemical
functions in the cells of all living
things, including plants and
animals.
Among the most prevalent
organic molecules in biological
systems and possessing the
widest variety of roles among all
macromolecules.
Other proteins are structural
proteins important for the
composition of all of our
organs and tissues.
 ENZYMES

• Are produced by living cells are catalysts in

biochemical reactions ( like digestion ). Example
of an enzymes is salivary amylase, which breaks
down amylase, a component of starch.

HORMONES
● HORMONES ARE SIGNALING MOLECULES
THAT REGULATE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES,
PRODUCED BY ENDOCRINE GLANDS OR CELLS.
 AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins,
each with a central carbon atom bonded to an
amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrogen
atom.

Amino acids have a variable R group bonded to the

central carbon atom, which is the only difference
between the 20 amino acids.
 AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids share a core structure:
a central carbon bonded to an
amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl
group (-COOH), and a hydrogen
atom.
III. Nucleic
Acids
Presentation by: Cielo Tolentino
 • Large complex
molecules that
NU C LE I C made up of
A C I DS carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, and
nitrogren.
 • The important
NU C LE I C macro-
A C I DS molecules for
continuity of
life.
 • The two primary

NU C LE I C types of nucleic acids

are:
A C I DS - DNA
- RNA
 • Genetic material in all
organisms, made of
deoxyribose sugars and
DN A phosphates. Composed of
(deoxyribonu nucleotide bases arranged
in a sequence, determining
cleic acid) DNA's instructional code for
genetic information and
protein synthesis.
 • mostly
involved in
RN A protein
( r i bonucl ei c synthesis and
acid)
regulation.
 • DNA and RNA are
made up of monomers
known as nucleotides.
DN A The nucleotides

& R N A combine with each

other to form a
polynucleotide, DNA or
RNA.
 GROUP 5
Wiljay Raphael C. Annika Sarcia
Violanda (Assistant-Leader)
(Group Leader)

Rea Victoria Jelaine Erich P. Kim

A. Ulzoron Ullang Villarante

Cielo Mae Wilfred De Adrian

Tolentino Jesus Stamaria