PATTERN OF REVENUE

COLLECTION IN ORIASSA
BY: MOHIMA DUTTA
(1983082)
PATTERN OF REVENUE
COLLECTION IN ORISSA POST:
 Orissa was divided into three pattern:
 Northern Pattern (Hilly Track Area)- Bengal
Pattern
 Southern Pattern (Coastal/Plain Area)- Madras
Pattern
 Western Pattern (Sambalpur Area)- Central
Pattern
NORTHERN PATTERN (HILLY
TRACK AREA)
 During the Mughal and the Maratha Rule
Orissa was divided into two political divisions:

 Mughalbandi Area:
 Comprised of plain land in the coastal belt
 This area was under the direct administration of
the Mughals and Marathas
 British also maintained the same territorial
divisions.
NORTHERN PATTERN (HILLY
TRACK AREA)
 Garjats Area:
o Comprised of Hilly tracks in the west.
o This Area was held by the chieftains on a
hereditary basis.
o In this area, the revenue was paid directly to the
British government by the tenure holders.
PATTERN OF REVENUE
COLLECTION IN ORISSA POST
1936:
 Post 1936, Orissa was divided into three
pattern:
 Southern Pattern (Coastal/Plain Area)- Madras
Pattern
 Northern Pattern (Hilly Track Area)- Bengal
Pattern
 Western Pattern (Sambalpur Area)- Central
Pattern
SOUTHERN PATTERN
(COASTAL/PLAIN AREA)
 The Propritory tenure in this regions are as
follows:
 Zamindars
 Mukaddams
 Pradhans
 Pursethis
 Sarbarahkars
 Some other Sub-propritors were Sikkimi Khardar,
Kot Kharidar, Tanki Kharidar
SOUTHERN PATTERN
 Among the different types of land tenure holders
in Orissa, first were known as the Zamindars
 Zamindars mainly possessed the coastal track
areas.
 These Zamindars collected revenue from the Ryats
and paid the revenue directly to the government.
 Ryatwari System: Ryots paid revenue trough sub-
propritor (Mukaddams, Pradahans, Pursethis,
Sarbarahkars)
SOUTHERN PATTERN
 These Sub-propritors paid the revenue to the
Zamindars.
 The Zamindars resubmitted the revenue to the
government (authorized through an agreement-
Kabuliyat)
 These sub-propritors were given some grants for
their work of revenue collection
SOUTHERN PATTERN
 Brahmans were given some rights (grants) as lands
namely, Brahmottar, debattar, amritamahani,
pirattar.
 However, the Brahmin had to fight to claim those
lands.
 If claim successful- Lakhiraj baheldars
 If unsuccessful- Baziaftidars or Bijayapati
WESTERN PATTERN
(SAMBALPUR AREA)
 System of Land tenure in Sambalpur is different
from coastal district:
 There are Six Proprietary tenure in this region:
 Zamindars
 Gauntia
 Bhograbhagi
 Malik Makbuza
 Malguzars
 Brahmottar
WESTERN PATTERN
(SAMBALPUR AREA)
 All the 6 propritors except Zamindars resided in Khalsa
area.
 British Government directly collected the revenue from
these propritors
 Zamindars of Sambalpur held feudal status which was
different from the status of Zamindars in bengal &
Coastal district area.
 Gauntia and Bhograbhogi found in sambalpur region
only.
 Gauntia-In the khalsa areas of Sambalpur, the headman of
the village was called the gountia, who was responsible for
the payment of a lumpsum revenue assessed on the village.
WESTERN PATTERN
(SAMBALPUR AREA)
 Bhograbhogi related to Gauntia village
 Malik Makbuza related to malgugari village
 Bhograbhogi and Malik Makbuza they have
propritory interest over parcel of land which was
not in village.
 Malguzars- full propritors in village. They held their
estates revenue free or paid only nominal quit-rents.
 In the zamindaries there were some intermediaries in
between the landlord and the tenant. They were known
as maufidars and thekadars.
 The maufidars were either the relation of the zamindar
or his former servants. They held the land free of rent.
WESTERN PATTERN
(SAMBALPUR AREA)
 The thekadars enjoyed the intermediate status
under the zamindars and had the right to collect
rent from the tenants of the village to manage the
village and to enjoy the some land of the village.
He was to pay the thekajama to the zamindar in
time.
 In Angul,sarbarahkars or village headmen took the
charge of revenue collection.
WESTERN PATTERN
(SAMBALPUR AREA)
 The village service tenants in the district of
Sambalpur were the jhankars ,lohars, bhandaris.
 The sarbarahkars were direct representatives of
government in the administration of the estate and
responsible for the collection of the government
revenue.
 In Khondmals there was a patriachal system of
administration. Each village was presided over by
a headman called kahanra assisted by the chhatia
or village policeman and they were grouped into
fifty divisions called muthas.
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