Differential and Multistage

Amplifiers
from Microelectronic Circuits Text
by Sedra and Smith
Oxford Publishing

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Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Large-Signal Operation

 Objective is to derive expressions for drain

current iD1 and iD2 in terms of differential
signal vid = vG1 – vG2.

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 8.2. Small-Signal Operation
of the MOS Differential
Pair

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Small-Signal Operation of the MOS
Differential Pair

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Small-Signal Operation of the MOS
Differential Pair

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Small-Signal Operation of the MOS
Differential Pair

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 1
8.2.1. Differential Gain (8.28) vG1  VCM  vid
2
1
(8.29) vG 2  VCM  vid
2
 Two reasons single-ended 
amplifiers are preferable: 2ID 2(I /2) I
(8.30) gm   
VOV VOV VOV
 Insensitive to

interference.
vid
 Do not need bypass (8.31) vo1  gm RD
2
coupling capacitors. vid
(8.32) vo2  gm RD
2

vod
(8.35) Ad   gm RD
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Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033) vid
 8.2.1. Differential Gain

 For MOS pair, each device

operates with drain current
I/2 and corresponding
overdrive voltage (VOV).
 =1
 MOS: gm = I/VOV
 BJT: gm = I/2VT
 MOS: ro = |VA|/(I/2).
Oxford University Publishing
Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 8.2.1. Differential Gain

 vi1 = VCM + vid/2 and vi2 = VCM – vid/2 causes a virtual signal
ground to appear on the common-source (common-
emitter) connection
 Current in Q1 increases by gmvid/2 and the current in Q2
decreases by gmvid/2.
 Voltage signals of gm(RD||ro)vid/2 develop at the two
drains (collectors, with RD replaced by RC).

Oxford University Publishing

Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Oxford University Publishing
Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 8.2.5. Common-Mode Gain
and Common-Mode i
(8.41) vicm   2iRSS
Rejection ratio (CMRR) gm

vicm
 Equation (8.43) describes (8.42) i 
1/ gm  2RSS
effect of common-mode

signal (vicm) on vo1 and vo2.
RD
(8.43) vo1  vo2   vicm
1/ gm  2RSS

vicm RD
(8.44) vo1  vo2  
2RSS

(8.45) vod  vo2  vo1  0
Oxford University Publishing
Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 8.2.5. Common-Mode Gain
and Common-Mode R
(8.46) vo1   D vicm
Rejection ratio (CMRR) 2RSS
RD 's are
mismatched
   
RD  RD
 When the output is taken (8.47) vo2   vicm
2RSS
single-ended, magnitude of

common-mode gain is
defined RD
(8.48) vod  vo2  vo1 
vicm
2RSS
 Taking the output
differentially results in the 
perfectly matched case, in vod  RD  RD  RD 
(8.49) Acm     
zero Acm (infinite CMRR). vicm 2RSS  2RSS   RD 

Ad
(8.50) CMRR 
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Acm
Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)
 Oxford University Publishing
Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith (0195323033)