PHYSICS ART INTEGRATION
SURFACE TENSION
Prepared by:
1. SATHISH KUMAAR.K.B
2. SUGAVANESH.P
3. SUJITH AKILAN.S
4. VIJEY ARVINDH.J.K
SURFACE TENSION INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENT FORCES MOLECULAR THEORY
• DEFINATION & UNIT
• ANGLE OF CONTACT
• SIGNIFICANCE
• CAPILLARY ACTION AND EXAMPLES
• EFFECT OF TEMP & IMPURITY
• EXPRESSION OF CAPILLARY RISE
• APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE TENSION
INTRODUCTION
• Surface tension is a property of liquid and has a tendency to contract hence
liquid occupy the minimum surface area and surface of liquid is under tension
due to force of attraction.
• Due to force of attraction of liquid molecules the free surface of liquid behaves
like elastic membrane or rubber sheet. And a particular kind of tension produces
on the surface of liquid.
• Following are the examples by which we can understand the property of surface
tension
1. The small insects are easily walking on the surface of liquid
2. The small drop of water and mercury are in spherical shape.
3. A painting brush dipped into water and taken out their fibers comes very close
together due to surface tension.
4. A small niddle easily floats on the surface of water due to surface tension
Examples of Surface Tension
DEFINATIONS
• Adhesive force:- The intermolecular force of attraction between two different
substance is known as adhesive force.
Ex.:- Force of attraction between water molecule and glass molecule.
• Cohesive force:- The intermolecular force of attraction between two same
substance is known as adhesive force.
Ex.:- Force of attraction between mercury molecule and glass molecule.
• Sphere of influence :- It is an imaginary sphere surrounding a molecule is
known as sphere of influence
• Molecular range:- It is the maximum distance up to which there is a existence
of cohesive force.
MOLECULAR THEORY
Molecule A:- In molecule A, the sphere of influence is totally inside the liquid
then the molecule A is attracted by the side way molecules with equal force of
attraction hence the resultant force acting on molecule A is zero.
Molecule B:- In molecule B, the small portion of sphere of influence lies
above the surface of liquid and major portion inside the liquid which contains
large no. of liquid molecules so molecule B is attracted from downward
directions and hence resultant force acts on molecule B is in downward
direction.
Molecule C:- In molecule C, the half portion of sphere of influence lies above
the surface having no liquid molecules and half portion inside the liquid which
contains no. of liquid molecules so molecule C is attracted from downward
directions and hence resultant force acts on molecule C is in downward
direction.
ANGLE OF CONTACT
Definition:- The angle between the tangent to the curve part of liquid surface
at the point of contact and solid part of glass inside the liquid is known as
angle of contact.
It is represented by θ and measured in radian.
It depends on the nature of liquid and solid used.
Following are the values of θ for different liquids.
1. Pure water = θ = 0
2. Chloroform = θ = 0
3. Impure water = θ= 27 (acute)
4. Mercury = θ = 140 (obtuse)
SIGNIFICANCE OF θ
If the angle of contact is acute, i.e. less than 90 , the liquid stick to the
wall of glass container due to strong adhesive force. Hence liquid
surface is concave.
Ex: In water and glass θ is acute
If the angle of contact is obtuse i.e. greater than 90, the liquid does
not stick to the wall of glass container due to strong cohesive force.
Hence liquid surface is convex.
Ex: In mercury and glass θ is obtuse.
If liquid is completely stick to the glass container then θ is zero
Ex: For pure water and chloroform, θ = zero.
EFFECT OF TEMP. & IMPURITY
EFFECT OF TEMP :- As temp increases, the surface tension of liquid
decreases and vice versa. Surface tension α 1/temp
EFFECT OF IMPURITY:- If the impurity is added in the liquid and it
is completely soluble then surface tension of liquid increases.
But impurities not completely soluble then surface tension of liquid
decreases.
Ex:- Use of detergent powder for washing the cloths
Capillary rise Method
APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE
TENSION
• The property of surface tension is used
1. To prepare the ball bearings or bullets .
2. Use of detergent powder for washing the clothes.
3. The purity of water can be checked using the value of surface tension.
4. Oil rises in the oil lamp up to tip of wick end.
5. Low surface tension oil used for lubrication of machine parts to reduce the
friction.
6. To detect the small cracks on the surface of metal parts in NDT method the
low surface tension is used.
7. Use of towel to dry our body after bath the towel absorbs water due to
capillary action.
