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INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENT FORCES
MOLECULAR THEORY
DEFINATION & UNIT
ANGLE OF CONTACT
SIGNIFICANCE
CAPILLARY ACTION AND EXAMPLES
EFFECT OF TEMP & IMPURITY
EXPRESSION OF CAPILLARY RISE
APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE TENSION
INTRODUCTION
Defination:- The angle between the tangent to the curve part of liquid surface at the
point of contact and solid part of glass inside the liquid is known as angle of contact.
1 Pure water = θ = 0
2 Chloroform = θ = 0
3 Impure water = θ= 27 (acute)
4 Mercury = θ = 140 (obtuse)
SIGNIFICANCE OF θ
If the angle of contact is acute, i.e. less than 90 , the liquid stick to the wall of
glass container due to strong adhesive force. Hence liquid surface is concave.
Ex: In water and glass θ is acute
If the angle of contact is obtuse i.e. greater than 90, the liquid does not stick to
the wall of glass container due to strong cohesive force. Hence liquid surface is
convex.
Ex: In mercury and glass θ is obtuse.
If liquid is completely stick to the glass container then θ is zero
Ex: For pure water and chloroform, θ = zero.
CAPILLARY ACTION
A Small glass tube with narrow bore is called as capillary tube.
When a capillary tube is dipped in water then water rises up in the
capillary tube and it forms a concave shape.
And the same capillary tube is dipped in mercury, the mercury is depressed
down and it forms a convex shape which is shown below.
Defination:- The rise or fall of liquid inside the
capillary tube is called as capillary action or capillary
tube.
But impurities not completely soluble then surface tension of liquid decreases.
Ex:- Use of detergent powder for washing the cloths
Capillary rise Method
Surface Tension Formula
T = __rhdg___
2cosθ
Where,
T = Surface Tension of Liquid
r = Radius of Capillary tube
h = Height of liquid in the Capillary
d = Density of liquid
θ = Angle of contact
g = Acceleration due to gravity
APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE TENSION