Subject: Thermal Engineering

Chapter Name: 1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Presented By:
Mr. Mangesh S. Bidkar
Lecturer, Mechanical Department.
 Numerical On Steady Flow
Energy Equation
Question:
At The inlet of steam Nozzle the enthalpy of steam entering is 3500
Kj/Kg and velocity is 60 m/s. What will be the velocity of steam at
exit of Nozzle? Assume Nozzle to be placed Horizontal. Take
Enthalpy at the Exit as 2500 Kj/Kg. Heat Lost during flow is
Negligible.
Given Data:
1) h1=3500 Kj/Kg= 3500×103 j/Kg
2) C1 = 60 m/s
3) Z1=Z2= 0
4) h2=2500 Kj/Kg= 2500×103 j/kg
5) q=0
 Numerical On Steady Flow
Energy Equation
In Nozzle Work done is zero.
W =0

Applying Steady Flow energy Equation for 1Kg of Steam

C12+gz1+h1+q=C22+gz2+h2+W

C12+(9.81×0)+h1+(0)=C22+(9.81×0)+h2+0

(60)2 +3500×103= (C2)2+2500×103

C2 =1415.48 m/s
Numerical On Applications of Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Formula List

1) Heat Engine:
=

2) Heat Pump:
COP= =

3) Refrigerator:
COP= =
 Numerical On Heat Engine

Question
A Heat Engine is Supplied heat at the rate of 1700 Kj/min and gives
output of 9 KW. Determine thermal Efficiency and rate of heat
rejection.

Given Data:
1) Q2 = 1700 Kj/min = 28.33 kj/sec
2) WE = 9 KW =9 kJ/sec
 Numerical On Heat Engine
Thermal Efficiency:
= 0.3176 = 31.76%

Rate of Heat Rejection:

0.3176=
0.3176=

= 19.33 Kj/Sec
 Numerical On Heat Pump

Question:
Heat Pump with coefficient of performance of 4 uses 2500J of
Mechanical work. How much Energy is transferred to the hot
reservoir?

Given Data:
1) Cop = 4
2) W = =2500 J
 Numerical On Heat Pump

COP = =

4=

= 10000 KJ
 Numerical On Refrigerator

Question:
Refrigerator Operate between -3 C0 and 27 C0 cooling load is 6.3
Kj/sec. Determine Cop and Power required to operate the
refrigerator.

Given Data:
1) T1= -3 C0= -3+273= 270K
2) T2 = 27 C0 = 27+273 = 300K
3) Q2 = 6.3 Kj/sec
 Numerical On Refrigerator
1) COP of System
COP = = = 9

2) Power required to operate the

refrigerator
COP =

9=

W.D.= 0.7 Kj/Sec OR 0.7 KW

THANK YOU