JUDAISM

Judaism, founded over 3500 years ago in the Middle East, is a religion with a

covenant with one God, based on the Torah. Jewish traditional law, halakhah, is

interpreted by Rabbis, and they worship in Synagogues. The Holocaust resulted in the

murder of 6 million Jews.

JUDAISM BELIEF

Religious expressions of Judaism believe that God is one, has no form,

created the world, is eternal and is still actively involved in world affairs.
Different streams differ in the degree to which the law can be interpreted
and applied to modernity.
The Star of David
This Jewish symbol
and it is the standard
symbol in synagogues.
It is recognized as the
symbol of Jewish
Community and is
named after King
David of ancient Israel.
Jews started to use the
symbol in the Middle
Ages.
Founder of Judaism
Judaism originated with the biblical
patriarch Abraham (approximate
1800 BCE). Abraham established a
covenant with God that was
confirmed with the reception of the
Torah (the Law including the Ten
Commandments) from God through
Moses to the Jewish people at Mount
Sinai approximately 3,320 years ago.
 JEWISH HOLY BOOKS

The Tanakh, the sacred text of

Judaism, was interpreted and documented
through later manuscripts, including the
Mishnah, a text explaining orally
communicated Jewish laws around 200
A.D.
Torah
The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the "Hebrew Bible." It includes
the same books as the Old Testament in the Christian Bible, but they're placed in
a slightly different order. The Torah-the first five books of the Tanakh-outlines
laws for Jews to follow. It's sometimes also referred to as the Pentateuch.

Talmud
The Talmud, a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law, includes
the Mishnah and Gemara, containing interpretations from thousands of rabbis. It
outlines 613 commandments and was completed in the 3rd and 5th centuries
A.D.
 The Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments are the first ten of the 613
commandments given by God to the Jewish people.
They form the foundation of Jewish ethics, behavior and
responsibility. These commandments are mentioned in
order twice in the Torah-once each in the Book of
Exodus and the Book of Deuteronomy.
Ten Commandments
(Exodus 19:1-20:23)
1. I am the Lord your God, who has brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of
bondage.

2. You shall have no other gods beside Me. You shall not make for yourself any carved Idol, or
any likeness of anything... you shall not bow down to them, nor serve them...

3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain...

4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shall you labor and do all your work;
but the seventh day is a sabbath to God... For in six days God made heaven and earth, the sea,
and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore, God blessed the Sabbath day,
and hallowed it.

5. Honor your father and your mother...

6. You shall not murder.

7. You shall not commit adultery.

8. You shall not steal.

9. You shall not bear false witness against your fellow.

10. You shall not covet...anything that is your fellow's.

SHABBAT
Shabbat, or Sabbath, is a Jewish day of rest and prayer,
starting at sunset on Friday and ending at nightfall on
Saturday. Observing Shabbat varies based on Jewish
family type, with Orthodox and Conservative Jews
refraining from physical labor and electrical devices.
Most Jews celebrate Shabbat through reading or
discussion.
SUBDIVISIONS/ SECTS
Judaism comprises three modern movements: Reform,
Orthodox, and Conservative. Orthodox Judaism adheres to the
Torah, rejecting other movements. Reform Judaism is liberal,
allowing human judgment on religious laws. Conservative
Judaism conserves traditional elements while allowing
modernization. Hasidism and Kabbalah emphasize spiritual
experiences.
 Women in Judaism

The Jewish religion, known as the Tanakh, dictates

women's roles, including following negative
commandments and positive commandments, but
exempting those restricted by time. This is to
accommodate traditional domestic roles and allow
women to be consulted on marriage matters. Judaism
respects women's roles as wives and mothers, and
their Jewish identity is passed down through the
mother.
 Holocaust

The Holocaust, a Greek term meaning "sacrifice by

fire," refers to the systematic, bureaucratic, and state-
sponsored persecution of around six million Jews by
the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945, fueled by the
belief that Germans were superior to Jews.
 Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism refers to hostility and discrimination

against Jews in late 19th and 20th centuries France,
Germany, Poland, and Russia. Popularized in
Germany in the 1870s, it often involved violent riots
or pogroms, with the holocaust being the most
extreme form of anti-Semitism.