TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

Prepared By:

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TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY
CONTENT
1. GUIDELINE FOR TIA
2. TIA REQUIREMENTS/CRITERIA
3. TIA FLOW CHART
4. TIA METHODOLOGY
5. TRAFFIC COUNT SURVEY
6. TRIP DISTRIBUTION
7. SOFTWARE FOR TIA
8. PERFORMANCE MEASURE FOR TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
9. VOLUME / CAPACITY TABLE BASED ON MHCM 2011
10. DETERMINATION OF FREE FLOW SPEED
11. EXAMPLE CALCULATION

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GUIDELINES FOR TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

10.4.1.2 -

Unless otherwise agreed between the Traffic Engineering

Consultant and the Approving Authority, the computation
of LOS shall be based on the recommendations of the
latest version of the HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL
published by TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
BOARD of The National Academies of USA, with
appropriate modifications given in the latest version of
the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) Malaysia
published by the Highway Planning Division, Ministry of
Works, Malaysia.

ATJ 38/2018 Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assessment

Published by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia
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 HCM OVERVIEW

HCM (US) and MHCM History

HCM (US) Releases:

1950 1965 1985 1994 1997 2000 2010 2016 2022

1st Edition 3rd Edition 4th Edition 6th Edition

Bureau of Public Transportation Completely Much Research
Records Reorganized with 37 Chapters

2nd Edition Major updates 5th Edition 7th Edition

Highway Capacity to the 3rd Edition Much Research, 38 Chapters, first
Committee Some Engines fully digital

MHCM Releases: 2006

2011

-Signalized Junction -Expressway

-Unsignalized Junction MHCM 2006 -Multilane Highway
-Urban / Suburban Arterial (Interrupted Flow) -Two lane Highway
MHCM 2011 -Merging Ramp
(Uninterrupted Flow) -Diverging Ramp
TIA REQUIREMENT / CRITERIA

Source: ATJ 38/2018 Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assessment Published by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia
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TIA FLOW CHART

General Process in Which TIA

is Involved in the Application
for Planning Permission

Source: ATJ 38/2018 Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assessment Published by

Page 6 Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia
TIA METHODOLOGY

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Source: ATJ 38/2018 Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assessment Published by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia
• PARAMETERS
•
• DEFAULT VALUES
• - LANE CAPACITY -1950PVU/ LANE
• - HEADWAY
• -GAP

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• LANE CAPACITY

• 2-LANE SINGLE CARRIAGEWAY

• MULTILANE – Lane capacity

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VOLUME / CAPACITY RATIO BASED ON MHCM 2011
VOLUME / CAPACITY TABLE BASED ON MHCM 2011

Maximum Capacity per lane Criteria of Level of Service based on v/c

based on Free Flow Speed for every free flow speed
• TRIP GENERATION
• MANUALS – 2020
• In leu of rate /data, project / client can supplement data

• Example

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TRAFFIC COUNT SURVEY

Existing traffic data is the base for analysis and the foundation for forecasting future traffic volumes. The purpose in this task is to therefore gather or collect up-
to-date and accurate traffic data. For most studies, obtaining the daily traffic volumes and peak hour turning movement volumes is sufficient

AM PEAK HOUR
PM PEAK HOUR

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Prediction of Peak hour traffic from ADT (Average Daily traffic) /
in the absent of traffic Count

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TRIP DISTRIBUTION
TRIP DISTRIBUTION
The traffic generated by the proposed
development is distributed to the road network
system. based on the existing traffic pattern and
the general assessment of the likely destinations
and origins of the trips in the study are, the
future directional trip distribution is determined.

TRAFFIC VOLUME PERCENTAGE OF TRAFFIC DIS TRIBUTION (%)

DIRECTION
(B) (B/A * 100%)
1+3 473 (430) + 370 (577) = 843 (1007) 52 (50)
(NORTH)
2+4 375 (535) + 415 (492) = 790 (1027) 48 (50)
(S OUTH)

TOTAL (A) 1633 (2034) 100 (100)

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S O F T W A R E F O R T R A F F I C I M PA C T A N A LY S I S

Traffic modelling tool used in the area of traffic and transport Microscopic multi-modal traffic flow simulation software. Able to
planning, management, design and operations. It uses an analytical model, simulate and analyze the traffic performance of a complex
approach for modelling intersections, interchanges, streets and geometry of junction.
networks.

(Most commonly used by consultants and acceptable by various (Acceptable and compulsory by certain authority i.e MBPJ)
authorities in Malaysia)
SELECTION OF INTERSECTION TYPE
SIGNALISED JUNCTION WARRANTS
Signalization for a junction is warranted regardless of volume triggered/
TIA’s recommendation

1) Black spot – accident prone area

2) Road Geometry warrant for signalization

3)
Sidra Output – Unsignalised Junction
S O F T W A R E F O R T R A F F I C I M PA C T A N A LY S I S ( S I D R A )

OUTPUT TO LOOK
OUT

1) Queue length
2) Approach LOS
(JKR projects)
S O F T W A R E F O R T R A F F I C I M PA C T A N A LY S I S ( P T V V I S S I M )
PERFORMANCE MEASURE FOR TRAFFIC ANALYSIS

PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE MEASURE
TRAFFIC
FACILITY MEASURE BASED ON REFERENCE CURRENTLY USED
MODELLING TOOL
HCM / MHCM BY AUTHORITY AND
CONSULTANT

Signalized & Unsignalized

SIDRA / VISSIM /
Junction / Left-in Left-Out Delay (Sec) MHCM 2006 Delay (Sec)
OTHERS
(yield) / Roundabout

Volume / Capacity
Expressway / Multilane
Density (PCu/Km/Lane) MHCM 2011 ratio based on free MHCM 2011
Highway
flow speed

Percentage time spent

following (PTSF) & Volume / Capacity
Two-Lane Highway MHCM 2011 MHCM 2011
Average Travel Speed ratio
(ATS).

MHCM 2011 Density

Merging / Diverging Ramp Density (PCu/Km/Lane) MHCM 2011
(PCu/Km/Lane)
Density
Weaving Density (PCu/Km/Lane) HCM 2000 (US) HCM 2000 (US)
(PCu/Km/Lane)
 DETERMINATION OF FREE FLOW SPEED

• Free-flow speed is the term used to describe the average speed that a motorist would travel if there were no
congestion or other adverse conditions (such as bad weather). (MHCM 2011)

• The design speed and posted speed limit of the facility may then be considered in determining the base free-flow
speed. However, the design speeds and speed limits for many facilities are not based on current operating
conditions.

• To measure free-flow speed at sites, speeds for unobstructed vehicles with headway to the nearest vehicle in
front of more than 8 s were considered as free-flow speed. Example tool: Road tube Trax Apollyon device.

• Factors affecting free-flow speed are lane width, lateral clearance, shoulder width and number of access point or
junction or interchange along the road.

• In absence of free flow speed data, based on the empirical data MHCM 2011, the recommended value for base
free-flow speed is 120 km/h for Expressway, 100 km/h for multilane highway and 90 km/h for two lane
highway.
EXAMPLE: INSTALLATION OF ROAD TUBE AT LEBUHRAYA GRAND SEPADU
EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF FREE FLOW SPEED, CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE
Weaving analysis
Merging / Diverging analysis