COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

-MEGHA POPLI
-ARNAV AGARWAL
-SOHIT BALECHA
-SIDDHANT CHUGH
-RENU JOSHI
 COMPUTER

The computer is an electronic device that takes input from the user and processes these data
under the control of a set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and
saves it for future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and
logical) calculations.
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING PROCESS
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

SUPER COMPUTER
A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of
performance compared to a general-purpose computer. MAINFRAMES
Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-
Mainframes are high-performance computers with
point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million
large amounts of memory and data processors that
instructions per second (MIPS).
process billions of simple calculations and
transactions in real time , usually used in servers

MINICOMPUTER
A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a type of
smaller general-purpose computer developed in the mid-
1960s and sold at a much lower price than mainframe
and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct
competitors.
 WORKSTATIONS
A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or
scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by a single
user, they are commonly connected to a local area network and
run multi-user operating systems.
MICRO COMPUTER
A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer
having a central processing unit made out of a microprocessor.
The computer also includes memory and input/output circuitry
together mounted on a printed circuit board.

PERSONAL COMPUTER
A personal computer is a multi-purpose microcomputer whose size,
capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. Personal computers
are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer
expert or technician.
 An embedded computer/embedded PC is a
dedicated computer system that forms an
integral part of a larger machine or system. In
contrast to an ordinary desktop computer, an
embedded computer is generally designed or
purposed for a single purpose.

EMBEDDED
COMPUTER

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is

a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating
system and touchscreen display
processing circuitry , and a rechargeable battery in
a single, thin and flat package.

TABLET PC
INPUT DEVICES
 WHAT IS INPUT DEVICE?
• An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data
and control signals to an information processing system, such
as a computer or information appliance.
• The most commonly used or primary input devices on a
computer. However, other devices also input data into a
computer.
TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES?
MICR is a technology invented in the 1950s that's
used to verify the legitimacy or originality of
checks and other paper documents.

A light gun is a pointing device for computers and a

control device for arcade and video games,
typically shaped to resemble a pistol.
OUTPUT & AUXILIARY
STORAGE DEVICES
 OUTPUT DEVICES
• Output is anything that comes out of a computer.
• An output device is any Machine capable Of representing information from a
computer.
• Output device include display screens, loudspeakers, printers, plotters, etc.
 MONITOR
Monitor is another name for the display screen.

Based on color Based on signals

• Monochrome • Digital Monitors
• Gray-Scale • Analog Monitors
• Color
 PRINTE
R
Printer is a device that prints text or illustrations on paper and in many cases on
transparencies and other media.

Daisy- wheel printer Ink- Jet printer

Dot-Matrix printer Laser printer

Plotter GPS
Sound cards
& Speakers
 AUXILIARY STORAGE
DEVICES
• Auxiliary Storage also known as auxiliary memory or secondary memory, is the
memory that supplements the main storage.
• This is a long term non volatile memory.
• Auxiliary storage devices are also useful in transferring data or programs from one
computer to another.
• They also function as backup devices which allowed to backup the valuable
information.
• Some examples are magnetic tapes, magnetic disk, floppy disk, hard disk, DVD, etc.
Magnetic tapes
It is a magnetically coated strip of plastic on which
data can be encoded.

DVD
It is also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital
Video Disc is a popular optical disc storage media
format.
Hard disk Floppy disk

Super disk Zip disk

OPERATING SYSTEMS
An operating system (OS) is a software component that serves as an intermediary between computer hardware
and user applications. It provides a set of essential services and functions that enable efficient and controlled
utilization of computer resources. The primary purpose of an operating system is to manage hardware
resources, provide a user-friendly interface, and facilitate the execution of software programs.
 KEY FUNCTIONS OF
OS
• Process Management
• Memory Management
• File System Management
• Device Management
• User Interface
• Security and Access Control
 TYPES OF OS

SINGLE USER
These operating systems are designed to support only one
user and allow them to run one task (program) at a time. They
are simple and lack multitasking capabilities. An example is
MS-DOS.

MULTI USER
These operating systems support multiple users
concurrently, each with their own user accounts and
individual environments. They provide resource sharing
and protection mechanisms to ensure that users' activities
do not interfere with each other.
 REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS)
RTOS is designed to manage tasks with strict timing
requirements. They are used in systems where response
time is critical, such as embedded systems, robotics, and
control systems. Rtoses prioritize tasks based on their
deadlines to ensure timely execution.

Distributed Operating System

Distributed OSes manage a network of interconnected
computers and provide a unified environment for users and
applications across multiple machines. These systems allow
resource sharing and communication between computers in a
network.

Network Operating System (NOS)

NOS is designed to support network resources and
services. They often run on servers and provide file, print,
and other network services to client computers. Novell
NetWare and Windows Server are examples of NOS.
 MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM
These operating systems are tailored for mobile devices like
smartphones and tablets. They are optimized for
touchscreens and offer app ecosystems. Examples include
android, ios, and windows mobile.

EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM

Embedded OSes are designed to run on embedded systems,
which are specialized computing devices with dedicated
functions. Examples include operating systems used in
appliances, industrial machines, and consumer electronics.
 SYNERGIZING FINANCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
EXPLORING THE SYNERGY BETWEEN FINANCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 WHERE FINANCE MEETS BYTES!
• Today's finance world heavily relies on technology. Operating systems play a
crucial role in this marriage, enhancing efficiency and accuracy

• Think of an operating system as the conductor of a financial orchestra. It

orchestrates your computer's hardware and software to create harmonious
financial processes.
• Operating systems are your financial genie, making your computer obey your
commands. They're the magic behind your device's smooth functioning
FINANCIAL EFFORTLESSNESS THROUGH
OS
• The primal use case of OS is Simplifying Data Management and Efficient Data
Handling

• Operating systems streamline and simplify financial tasks, such as data entry and
analysis, allowing accountants to focus more on strategic decision-making

• QuickBooks softwares like Tally & Quickbooks Intuit integrates seamlessly with
Windows to manage financial transactions and generate reports. Windows coupled with
Excel has transformed financial data handling.

• This helps people like you and me to swiftly find and analyze crucial financial
information. Imagine effortlessly managing budgets, transactions, and reports with a
few clicks.
 GUARDIANS OF FINANCIAL FORTUNES:
OS SECURITY
• Operating systems provide layers of security, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive financial information,
which is vital in an age of digital threats. Data is precious; OS shields it.

• Case study-
The Target breach was a massive cyberattack where hackers stole credit card and personal information from
millions of customers. Proper OS security measures could have made a big difference. For instance

1. Timely Updates: Regularly updating their systems could have fixed known vulnerabilities, making it harder for hackers to get
in

2. Secret Codes: Encrypting the important information would have made it useless to the hackers even if they got their hands on
it

3. Early Warnings: An early warning system could have detected the unusual activity and alerted Target's security team before it
became a big problem.
 OS EMPOWERED TEAMWORK BEYOND
BORDER
• Modern operating systems enable real-time collaboration among accountants, even
remotely.

• "Finance teams can work together on spreadsheets, reports, and analyses, boosting
productivity

• Modern operating systems enable remote collaboration, allowing accountants to jointly edit
spreadsheets and reports in real time, enhancing productivity.
Google Workspace, integrated with various OS platforms, facilitates collaborative financial
work among remote teams.

• Zoom, coupled with macOS, facilitates virtual financial meetings for international finance
teams.
 APPS AT YOUR SERVICE
• Operating systems ensure smooth integration of financial software.

• Operating systems ensure different financial software can work together cohesively.

• Operating systems blend financial software enabling professionals to switch

seamlessly between accounting, taxation, and auditing tools without missing a beat.

• SAP software & Oracle's financial suite integrates and works harmoniously with
Linux OS to streamline financial processes in multinational corporations for an
integrated financial experience.
 AI AND OS: THE ULTIMATE DUO
• Operating systems are integrating AI, automating routine financial tasks, and
offering predictive insights, revolutionizing financial management.

• IBM's Watson AI, supported by various operating systems, aids accountants in

analyzing market trends and making informed investment decisions.

• Imagine AI helping you predict financial trends.

• Case Study: Exploring how AI-driven OS like Android integrates with financial apps
for user-friendly investment insights.
THANK YOU