IMAGE PORTFOLIO

2023 DCP 010Y1 DIAGNOSTIC PRACTICE

GROUP:
 219098097 Z BUTHELEZI
• 222237879 WU SITHOLE
• 215040404 R MANAVHELA
• 220085112 M NKAMBULE
• 222044876 KM NALE
HUMERUS

AP VIEW

LATERAL VIEW

TRANSTHORACIC LATERAL
PROJECTION
AP HUMERUS VIEW

3
5
4
2

1. Humerus
2.Lesser tubercle
1
3.Acromion
4.Head of humerus
5.Greater tubercle
Evaluation criteria for AP humerus view
Anatomy Demonstrated
 The entire humerus is shown in the image.
 The shoulder and elbow joints are also included in the image
Position
 The full external rotation is evidenced by the greater tubercle being visible in full profile on the
lateral aspect of the proximal humerus.
 Lesser tubercle is superimposed over the humeral head
 Collimation is at the area of interest
Exposure
 The optimal density and the contrast with no motion shows a clear, sharp bony trabecular
markings with the soft tissue detail visible for possible calcium deposits.
Medicolegal
 Right digital marker used. No permanent marker, the hospital and patient details not on the image
 LATERAL VIEW OF HUMERUS

1. Medialand lataral
epicondyles
2 2.Shaft(Body of humerus)
3.Head of humerus
1
Evaluation criteria for lateral view
Anatomy Demonstrated
 The entire humerus which includes the elbow and shoulder joints, is visible
Position
 The epicondyles are directly superimposed
 The lesser tubercle is visible in the profile medially, partially superimposed by lower portion
on glenoid cavity
 The collimation at the area of interest
Exposure
 Optimal density and contrast visualized by the clear, sharp bony trabecular markings of
the entire humerus.
Medicolegal
 Right digital marker used. No permanent marker, the hospital and patient details not on the image
Trans-thoracic lateral projection
3
2
4

1. Humerus
2.Greater tubercle
3.Acromion
1
4.Head of humerus
Evaluation criteria for thoracic lateral view
Anatomy Demonstrated:
 The entire humerus and glenohumeral joint is shown through the thorax without the
superimposition of the opposite humerus.
Position
 The outline of the shaft of the humerus is clearly visualized anterior to the thoracic
vertebrae.
 Collimation to area o interest.
Exposure:
 Overlying ribs and lung markings appear blurred because of breathing technique, but
bony outlines of the humerus should appear sharp, indicating no motion of the arm during
the exposure.
Medicolegal
 Right digital marker used. No permanent marker, the hospital and patient details not on the image
 References

 Lampignano, John P, and Leslie E Kendrick. Bontrager’s

Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. 9th
ed., St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2018.
Shoulder
AP NEUTRAL

LATERAL (Y-VIEW)

AP EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL ROTATION

AP NEUTRAL

2
1.Coracoid process
1
2.Acromion
3.Greater tubercle
3 4.Scapula
5.Proximal humerus
6 4 6.Lesser tubercle

5
 Evaluation Criteria
Anatomy demonstrated for an AP Neutral

 The proximal one-third of the humerus and upper scapula and the lateral two-thirds of the clavicle are visible in the image.
 Humeral head to the glenoid cavity is also shown.

Positioning
 The greater and the lesser tubercles are superimposed by the humeral head.

Exposure
 Image shows the optimal density and the contrast with no motion visualize sharp bony trabecular markings and pertinent so tissue anatomy.
 The outline of the medial aspect of the humeral head is visible through the glenoid cavity, and the tissue detail is visible which demonstrates
possible calcium deposit.

Collimation and CR
• The collimation of the image is acceptable, the area of interest is clearly visualized

Medocolegal
• A permanent maker is visible

• The are no patient details as well as hospital details on the image, the image is not medicolegal
LATERAL VIEW

2 4

1 1.Head of humerus
2.Acromion
3.Body of scapula
4.Clavicle
3
Evaluation Criteria for a lateral shoulder view
ANATOMY DEMONSTRATED
 The proximal humerus is demonstrated.

POSITION
 The inferior part of the scapula is visible at the end of rib superimposition, The coracoid process as well as the acromion process visible
and nearly symmetric upper limbs of the "Y".
 The humeral head is not superimposed over the base of the Y because there is a posterior dislocation the humerus is dislocated.

EXPOSURE
 Cortical outlines sharp, the cortical outlines of the proximal humerus are sharp but the sharpness fades towards the head of the
humerus, bony trabecular markings are not clearly visible.
 Optimal density and contrast
 Outline of the inferior body of the scapula visible

COLLIMATION AND CR
 The collimation of the image is acceptable, the area of interest is clearly visualized
 The soft tissue on the superior part of the shoulder should have been included.
 Central ray correctly centered as the proximal humerus, the "Y" with the coracoid and acromion process fully demonstrated on the
image.

MEDOCOLEGAL
• Right digital marker used. No permanent marker, the hospital and patient details not on the image
AP SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATION

1.Greater tubercle
4 2.Lesser tubercle
1
2 3.Head of humerus
3 4.Coracoid process
5.Proximal humerus

5
Evaluation criteria for AP shoulder external rotaton
Anatomy demonstrated
 The anteroposterior view of the proximal humerus is visible on the image, clavicle in profile and the scapula, as well as the superior part of the
scapula, the humeral head to the glenoid process is visible on the image.

Position
 The shoulder is fully externally rotated as the greater tubercle is visualized in full profile on the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus
 The lesser tubercle is superimposed over the humeral head.

Exposure
 The cortical margins of the bone as well as the bony trabecular markings are sharp and clear on the image.
 The density and the contrast is optimal as we can differentiate between bone air (in the lungs), as well as soft tissue.
 There is no motion evident on the image.

COLLIMATION AND CR
 The central ray was correct(CR 2.5 cm inferior to coracoid process) as all important anatomical parts of the shoulder are visible on the image .
 The image was collimated such that the area of interest is full visible on the image.

Medicolegal
 The is no permanent marker, a digital marker was used therefore the image is not medically legal
 REFERENCES
 Helman, A. 2021. EM cases. Commonly Missed or Mismanaged Shoulder
injuries-Approach and Glenohumeral Dislocations.
 Cadogan, M. 2020. Line in the FASTLANE. Posterior Shoulder Dislocations.
 Lampignano, John P, and Leslie E Kendrick. Bontrager’s Textbook of
Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. 9th ed., St. Louis, Missouri,
Elsevier, 2018.