Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL
TRAINING
WELCOME
Industrial Boilers 1/ 63 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC
INSTRUCTOR
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OBJECTIVES
Define Industrial Boiler Size.
Discuss How Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) is Formed.
Discuss Factors Affecting NOx.
Discuss Boiler Operational Factors.
Discuss NOx Controls.
Discuss Other Environmental Considerations Concerning
Boilers.
Discuss Burning Hazardous Waste in Boilers.
Discuss Boiler Safety Precautions.
Outline Safety and Environmental Inspection Items.
Discuss Monitoring Requirements.
Discuss Use of Contractors.
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GOALS
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LEARNERS
Supervisors
Facility Engineers
Maintenance Personnel
Department Managers
Building Occupants
Process Specialists
Environmental and Safety Committees
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OVERVIEW
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WHAT THIS COURSE DOES NOT DO
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CLEAN AIR ACT
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APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
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INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
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BOILER SIZES
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HOW NOx IS FORMED
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HOW NOx IS FORMED
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PARAMETERS AFFECTING NOx
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PARAMETERS AFFECTING NOx
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FACTORS AFFECTING NOx
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
For Coal:
Boiler Type Average lb of NOx / MM Btu
Overfeed Stoker 0.29
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) 0.31
Bubbling FBC 0.32
Underfeed Stoker 0.39
Spreader Stoker 0.53
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
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BOILER DESIGN TYPE
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FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
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FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
Fuel % by Weight
Coal .8 – 3.5
Residual Oil .36
Distillate Oil <0.01
Natural Gas 0 – 12.9
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FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
Sulfur
Sulfur can combine with oxygen and water to form Sulfuric
Acid, H2SO4
Fuel % of Sulfur
Coal 1-4
Residual Oil 1.3
Distillate Oil .72
Natural Gas <0.001
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FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
Fuel Ratio
Fuel ratio is defined as the ratio of a coal's fixed carbon to
volatile matter
Under unstaged combustion conditions, lower fuel ratios
(i.e. higher volatile content of the coal) correlate to higher
levels of NOx, because with higher volatile content coals,
greater amounts of volatile nitrogen are released in the high
temperature zone of the flame where sufficient oxygen is
present to form NOx
Firing coal with high volatile content and lower fixed
carbon generally results in less solid carbon to be burned out
in the post-flame gases, meaning that the coal can be fired at
lower excess air before combustible losses became a
problem
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FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
Moisture
Moisture content plays an important role
in the formation of uncombustible emissions
in Municipal Solid Waste boilers
Non-combustible content of Municipal
Solid Waste can range from 5 to 30 percent
Moisture content of Municipal Solid
Waste can range from 5 to 50 percent
Nitrogen contents of Municipal Solid
Waste can range between 0.2 and 1.0
percent
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BOILER HEAT RELEASE RATE
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BOILER OPERATIONAL FACTORS
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BOILER OPERATIONAL FACTORS
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CONTROLS
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CONTROLS
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CONTROLS
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CONTROLS
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CONTROLS
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CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
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OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS
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OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS
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OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS
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SOLID WASTE
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WATER USE AND WASTEWATER
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
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BURNING HAZARDOUS WASTE
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BURNING HAZARDOUS WASTE
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BURNING HAZARDOUS WASTE
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BURNING HAZARDOUS WASTE
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ASBESTOS
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BOILER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Safety Precautions
An overheating boiler can quickly be identified by steam
or a mixture of steam and water being discharged at the
safety relief valve or from an open hot water faucet
If this condition is found at a faucet, close the faucet
Immediately shut down the water heater's source of
heat
Allow the water heater to cool naturally without the
addition of excess cold water
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BOILER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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BOILER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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SAFETY INSPECTION ITEMS
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SAFETY INSPECTION ITEMS
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ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION
ITEMS
Post a copy of the air operating permit near the boiler
All boiler operators know how to operate the boiler
within the permit limits
At the beginning of each shift, make sure the
equipment is operating properly
Boiler operators should be familiar with the boiler’s
operating and maintenance manual
Regular service should be performed on schedule
and recorded
Operating records and inspection records should be
reviewed regularly to ensure compliance
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MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
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MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
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MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
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MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
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RECORDKEEPING
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RECORDKEEPING
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TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
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ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL
INDUSTRIAL BOILER PROGRAM
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THE IMPORTANCE OF A
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
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