Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10-Rights of Minorities
10-Rights of Minorities
of
Minorities
ق ق
ت
اسالم می ں ا لی وں کے ح وق
• A group, numerically inferior to
the rest of the population of a
State, in a non-dominant position
Identification of Bases
شنخ
ا ت
• Language
• Religion
• Tradition (includes history)
• Nationality
• Ethnicity
• 'Race‘
• Citizenship
The UN Documents for the
Protection of Minority Rights
ف ت ق ق ت ق
ت
ا وام م حدہ می ں ا لی وں کے ح وق کا ح ظ
• The issue of minority rights was first raised in 1814,
at the Congress of Vienna, which discussed the fate
of German Jews and especially of the Poles who were
once again partitioned up. The Congress expressed
hope that Prussia, Russia, and Austriawould grant
tolerance and protection to their minorities, which
ultimately they disregarded, engaging in organized
discrimination.
• The 1856 Congress of Paris paid special attention to the
status of Jews and Christians in the Ottoman Empire. In
Britain, William Gladstone made the massacres of Bulgarians
by the Ottoman Empire a major campaign issue and
demanded international attention.
• The Congress of Berlin in 1878 dealt with the status of Jews
in Romania, especially, and also Serbia, and Bulgaria.
• On the whole, the 19th century congresses failed to impose
significant reforms.
• treatment of other minorities, such as black people in the
southern United States.
• The first minority rights were proclaimed and enacted by
the revolutionary Parliament of Hungary in July 1849
• Minority rights were codified in Austrian law in 1867.
• Minority Rights Declaration 1992
Minorities in Islam
2. Non-Muslims
as; sati
practice of un-touchability
Rights of Minorities
ق ن
1. BASIC RIGHTS
ب ی ادی ح وق
• Freedom of Religion and worship
مذہ ب اور ع ب ادت کی آزادی
Islam has strictly disallowed the adoption of such
method of invitation, which affects the religious
independence of the other party. Allah Almighty
says at another place:
ُك ُل ِّل َٰل
َو َلْو َش اَء ُهَّللا َلَج َعَلُك ْم ُأَّم ًة َو اِح َد ًة َو ِكن َيْب َو ْم ِفي َم ا
آَتاُك ْم ۖ َفاْس َتِبُقوا اْلَخ ْيَر اِت
Had Allah willed, He would have
made you one nation [united in
religion], but [He intended] to test
you in what He has given you; so
race to [all that is] good. 5:48
• This was also reflected in the Prophet's (peace
be upon him) letter to the People of the
Scripture in Yemen where he invited them to
Islam. He (peace be upon him) said: "…and a
Jew or a Christian who embraces Islam
becomes one of the believers, having their
rights and duties; and the one who remains
Jewish or Christian should not be forced to
disband his religion.."
• When the delegation of Najran came
to meet Holy prophet
• They stayed in Masjid-e-Nabwi and
sought permission to performed
their rituals according to Christian
religion
• Holy prophet granted permission
• Protection of places of worship
اَّل ِذيَن ُأْخِرُجوا ِم ن ِدَياِرِهم ِب َغْيِر َحٍّق ِإاَّل َأن َيُقوُلوا َرُّبَنا ُهَّللا ۗ َوَلْواَل َد ْف ُع
ِهَّللا ال َّناَس َب ْع َضُهم ِبَب ْع ٍض َّل ُهِّدَم ْت َصَواِم ُع َوِبَيٌع َوَصَلَواٌت َوَمَساِجُد
ُصُهۗ ِإَّن َهَّللا َلَقِوٌّي ُصَّن ُهَّللا َم ن َين ُر ُيْذَك ُر ِف يَها اْسُم ِهَّللا َك ِثيًراۗ َوَل َين َر
َعِزيٌز 22:40 -
[They are] those who have been evicted from their homes
without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah ."
And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by
means of others, there would have been demolished
monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in
which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah
will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah
is Powerful and Exalted in Might. Al hajj
• Caliph Umar R.A did not said
prayer in church of Palestine
• Respect & Honour
َو اَل َتُسُّبوا اَّلِذ يَن َيْدُع وَن ِم ن ُد وِن ِهَّللا َفَيُسُّبوا َهَّللا َع ْد ًو ا ِبَغْيِر ِع ْلٍم
6:108
And do not insult those they invoke other than
Allah, lest they insult Allah in enmity without
knowledge.
• Right to the protection of life & property
ف ت
ج ان و مال کا ح ظ
The Prophet (peace be upon him) says:
"whoever kills a contracting man(a non-
Muslim protected by the state or an
agreement) he will not smell the
Paradise".
• Holy prophet granted protection to the Jews of
Medina and to the Christians of Najran.
قنن ق
• LEGAL RIGHTS ا و ی ح وق
Right to Justice
Equality before law
Hazrat Ali (R.A) and a Jew in court
Right to be governed by their own personal laws relating
marriage, inheritance, food etc
ق
• POLITICAL RIGHTS س ی اسی ح وق
Right to vote.
Right to political representation.
• Minorities have to follow that they:
• Job Quota
• Judiciary
• Financial quota
In other Religions
In Christianity & Judaism
Blasphemy is related to God, Holy Scripture
Christianity
In Britain's last blasphemy execution, 20-year-old Thomas
Aikenhead was executed for the crime in 1697. He was
prosecuted for denying the veracity of the Old Testament and
the legitimacy of Christ's miracles
Judaism
In the third book of the Torah, Leviticus 24:16 states that he
that blasphemes the name of the LORD "shall surely be put to
death
The Seven laws of Noah, which Judaism sees as applicable to
all people, prohibit blasphemy.
• In Hinduism
Forgiveness
Responsibility of state to punish
At UN
2. of sound mind,
3. free
• Maliki School says: