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• “… the task assigned to the [European] Court of Justice under Article 177 [now
267], the object of which is to secure uniform interpretation of the treaty by
national courts and tribunals, confirms that the States have acknowledged that
Community law has an authority which can be invoked by their nationals before
those courts and tribunals . The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the
Community constitutes a new legal order of international law for the benefit
of which the States have limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited
fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States but also their
nationals.”
• “The integration into the laws of each Member State of provisions which derive
from the Community, and more generally the terms and the spirit of the Treaty,
make it impossible for the States, as a corollary, to accord precedence to
a unilateral and subsequent measure over a legal system accepted by them
on a basis of reciprocity. Such a measure cannot therefore be inconsistent with
that legal system.”
• Italija
• Odločbe US v zadevah Frontini, Fragd, Granital (doktrina contralimiti)
• Poljska
• Odločbi US v zadevah Pridružitvenega sporazuma in evropskega pripornega
naloga (sledi nemškemu in italijanskemu pristopu)
• Salto mortale 2021-2022
• Češka
• Odločba US v zadevi Landtova (izrecno nasprotovanje pravu EU)
• Slovenija
• Odločba US v zadevi U-I-155/2011
• „Temeljna načela prava EU, ki so zapisana v Pogodbah ali jih je v sodni praksi
razvilo SEU, so notranja ustavnovnopravna načela, ki zavezujejo z močjo Ustave.
Zavezujejo torej tudi Ustavno sodišče pri izvrševanju njegovih pristojnosti v
okviru pravnih razmerij, ki zadevajo pravo EU.“
Razlogi za preverbo skladnosti prava EU
na nacionalni ravni
• Izvira iz:
• prenesenih pristojnosti s strani držav članic na EU
• avtonomnega pravnega reda EU
• Načel supremacije/primarnosti prava EU v razmerju do prava DČ
• Effet utile prava EU
Pristojnost Evropske unije
• P. Pescatore:
• the law of European integration dealt mainly with „the matter of defining spheres of
competence and power relationships“
- odprava carin in količinskih omejitev pri uvozu in izvozu blaga med DČ;
- odprava ovir pri prostem pretoku oseb, storitev in kapitala med DČ;
1. del
- The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and an economic and monetary union and by implementing the common
policies or activities referred to in Articles 3 and 3a, to promote throughout the Community a harmonious and balanced development of economic
activities, sustainable and non-inflationary growth respecting the environment, a high degree of convergence of economic performance, a high level of
employment and of social protection, the raising of the standard of living and quality of life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among
Member States.
- Skupna zunanja in varnostna politika ( eventualno oblikovane skupne obrambne politike skupna obramba);
1. For the purposes set out in Article 2, the activities of the Member States and the Community shall include, as provided in this Treaty and in accordance
with the timetable set out therein, the adoption of an economic policy which is based on the close coordination of Member States' economic policies, on
the internal market and on the definition of common objectives, and conducted in accordance with the principle of an open market economy with free
competition.
2. Concurrently with the foregoing, and as provided in this Treaty and in accordance with the timetable and the procedures set out therein, these activities
shall include the irrevocable fixing of exchange rates leading to the introduction of a single currency, the ECU, and the definition and conduct of a
single monetary policy and exchange rate policy the primary objective of both of which shall be to maintain price stability and, without prejudice to this
objective, to support the general economic policies in the Community, in accordance with the principle of an open market economy with free
competition.
3. These activities of the Member States and the Community shall entail compliance with the following guiding principles: stable prices, sound public
finances and monetary conditions and a sustainable balance of payments.`
'Article 3b
Pogodba o EU (Maastricht 1992, člen G)
2. del
- Okoljska politika;
• Kritika
• Obsežne pristojnosti
• Nejasna razmejitev med vrstami pristojnosti
• Negotovost pri izvajanju pristojnosti
• Pojavi se potreba po bolj natančni in jasni opredelitvi pristojnosti EU in držav
članic
Izhodišče
• Člen 1 PDEU
• 1. Ta pogodba ureja delovanje Unije in določa področja,
razmejitev in način izvajanja njenih pristojnosti.
• Člen 4 PEU
• 1. Države članice v skladu s členom 5 ohranijo vse
pristojnosti, ki niso s Pogodbama dodeljene Uniji.
Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije
(Lizbona 2009, 3. člen)
• Izključne pristojnosti:
- carinska unija;
- določitev pravil o konkurenci, potrebnih za delovanje notranjega trga;
- monetarna politika držav članic, katerih valuta je euro;
- ohranjanje morskih bioloških virov v okviru skupne ribiške politike;
- skupna trgovinska politika;
- sklenitev mednarodnega sporazuma, kadar je ta sklenitev predvidena v
zakonodajnem aktu Unije ali je potrebna, da se Uniji omogoči izvajanje njene
notranje pristojnosti, ali kolikor lahko vpliva na skupna pravila ali spremeni
njihovo področje uporabe.
Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije
(Lizbona 2009, 4. člen)
• Implicitna pristojnost
• Nezapisane pristojnosti, ki so nujne za izvedbo izrecnih pristojnosti (zlasti
pomembno glede sklepanja mednarodnih pogodb s strani EU)
• Competence creep!
Metodološka pravila (II)