POL-GOV

INTRODUCTION
GOVERNMENT: THE
MACHINERY OF THE STATE
 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

AS TO THE MEMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING THE

POEWR OF SOVEREIGNTY.

1. GOVERNMENT BY “ONE” (AUTOCRACY)

MONARCHY- this form of government vests the exercise of

sovereignty power in one person or ruler, e.g., Spain, France, and
Brunei
There are two kinds of Monarchial Government:
2. Absolute, Arbitrary or Despotic Monarchy- this is one in
which the monarch is not merely the titular head of the state
but is actually the sovereign, e.g., France under Louis XIV
who typifies this class when he said: “I am the State.”
3. Limited Constitutional or Parliamentary Monarchy- it is one
wherein the power of the monarch is restricted by the
prescriptions of a written constitution, e.g., England
2. GOVERNMENT OF THE “FEW”

ARISTOCRACY AND OLIGARCHY

- This form of government vests sovereign power upon few
person or class.

3. GOVERNMENT OF THE “MANY”

DEMOCRACY- it is a government in which the sovereign

power is vested in the majority of people.

KINDS OF DEMOCRACY

a. Direct, Real or Pure Democracy- The people govern

themselves directly.
b. Representative or Republican Democracy- it exercises
by the representative chosen by the popular vote or
appointed by those chosen.
FEATURES OF AN IDEAL DEMOCRACRY

1. Effective Participation
2. Equality in voting
3. Informed electorate
4. Citizen control of the agenda
5. Inclusion
6. Fundamental rights
AS TO SOURCE OF POWER

a. HEREDITARY
b. ELECTIVE

AS TO HOW THE POWER IS

DISTRIBUTED

a. UNITARY GOVERNMENT- it is
form of Government where the
whole power of government is
conferred by Constitution.
b. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT- it is a system of
government in which the totality of government
power is divided and distributed by the Constitution
to the organized act between the central government
and governments of the individual states or to her
territorial subdivisions which the federal states
composed.

c. CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT- it is a system

of government in which each member of the state of
a confederation retains its own sovereignty and has
such form of government as it chooses, there being
a common central government or organization only
or mainly for their mutual support and defense.
AS TO ITS LEAGLITY OR
CONSTITUTIONALITY

a. DE JURE GOVERNMENT- general

support of the people and exist according to
constitution

b. DE FACTO GOVERNMENT- does not

have the general support of the people and
not its existence in accordance with the
constitution.
LEGISLATIVE- enacts
law or making of the JUDICIARY- the settlement
EXECUTIVE- the of the law’s controversies or
laws by congress.
execution/ judicial review.
implementation of the
laws.
 POL-GOV
LESSON1
THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
THE ANCIENT FILIPINOS:
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Barangay system where central government is
headed by “Datu”, Raja or Sultan.

Datu- is chieftain holds the 3 powers or 3 branches

of government.
The social order in a barangay was divided into three classes:

1. Timawa or free man- refers to an intermediate social class. These

groups of people do or make things according to their will. They were not
paid they work for themselves. They cannot be sold.

Alipin has two categories:

2. Aliping namamahay – i t i s t h e s l a v e w i t h a h i g h e r s t a t u s .
They were slaves but then they were to live on the house.
T h e y c a n ’t b e s o l d .
3. Aliping saguiguilid –i t i s a s l a v e s w i t h a l o w e r s t a t u s . T h e y
were paid and they can be sold.
SPANISH ERA
• The KING is the head of all the colonies.
• The GOVERNOR-GENERAL serves as the “governor of
the provinces or what is called “colonies”. He also a
commander in chief.
• ROYAL AUDENCIA – the Spanish supreme court.

King Philip ii
THE LAWS
WERE
COMPILED TO
BECOME THE
COLONIAL
CODE
SPANISH RULES:
Polo y servicio - the forced labor rendered by Filipinos
Falla- the exception fee for forced labor.
Another paying of tribute or tax called tributo
Executive – GOV. GEN. enforced the Spanish laws and decrees in the
Philippines.
Legislative – he enacted and issues law. Regulation and decrees
Judicial – he was the president or presiding officer of the royal audencia.
Ecclesiastic – power to recommend priest for appointment and intervene in
controversies within the church
From 1565-1898 total of 122 governors general served in the
Philippines.

The first governor general from

1565-1572
• Worked on for the Spaniards and
native Filipinos to live together as
one community
Miguel lopez de legaspi
 • Outstanding governor for his
agricultural contribution and
economic programs

• He established the tobacco

monopoly

JOSE BASCO
Y VARGAS
REVOLUTION AND THE
FIRST REPUBLIC
The PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT was
established from 1889-1895 through founding of LA
SOLIDARIDAD NEWSPAPER which became the
medium of the PROPAGANDISTS .
Propagandists: José Rizal , Marcelo H.. Del Pilar and
Graciano Lopez-Jaena.

El Fili and Noli Me Tangere- the BEST NOVELS

WRITTEN BY A FILIPINO.
THE First editor of LA SOLIDARIDAD was
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA known as the
ORATOR OF THE SAID MOVEMENT.
Rizal got arrested and had to stay in prison
for 4 years. In Rizal's absence, the katipunan
was founded and advocated complete
independence under the command of

ANDRES BONIFACIO
(KKK)
MAGDIWANG MAGDALO
IN 1898 THE MOCK BATTLE IN MANILA
Aguinaldo proclaim the independence of the Philippines
on June 12, 1898 in Cavite .
 AMERICAN
OCCUPATION AND
WORLD WAR II
• The AMERICAN PERIOD was lasted from 1899 to 1946 where the Americans
introduced the presidential system under 1935 constitution.
• The PRESIDENT is the HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT while the VICE
PRESIDENT is the HEAD OF THE STATE.
• CIVIL GOVERNMENT managed the peace and order of the whole
archipelago.
• The 1935 constitution introduced the basic principles of the state such as
separation of CHURCH AND STATE and the powers of the main branches of
the government.
 MANUEL L. QUEZON
AUGUST 19, 1878

• He is the second
president of the
Philippines and the
first president of
the commonwealth
of the Philippines
 SERGIO OSMENA
SEPTEMBER 9, 1878
• He is the vice
president of
manuel l. Quezon
• After the death of
pres. Manuel l.
Quezon he became
the president
JAPANESE OCCUPATION
• The 1935 constitution was set aside when the JAPANESE
occupied the PHILIPPINES from 1941-1945.
• The Japanese implemented the “GREATER EAST ASIA
CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE” where the Japanese
imposed laws and customs on the country.
 INDEPENDENCE AND
THE THIRD REPUBLIC
 When the Philippines gained
independence from the united
states on July 4, 1946, Roxas
became the first president of the
new republic.
Elpidio Quirino, president from
1948–53

•Quirino assumed the presidency on

April 17, 1948, taking his oath of
office two days after the death of
Manuel Roxas.
Ramon magsaysay, president
from 1953–57
•“man of the masses”
Carlos P. Garcia, president
from 1957–61

He was well known when he

exercised the Filipino first
policy during his term in
office.
Diosdado Macapagal, president
from 1961–65

Macapagal ran against Garcia and

defeated the incumbent president
by a 55% to 45% margin in the
1961 presidential election.
FOURTH AND FIFTH
REPUBLICS
 FERDINAND E. MARCOS

SEPTEMBER 21, 1972- MARTIAL LAW

• The 10 th president of the

Philippines
• He is the first president
implement the martial law
 PEOPLE POWER AND
AQUINO ADMINISTRATION
 SNAP ELECTION
ON FEBRUARY 20, 1986, MARCOS
PROCLAIMED HIMSELF VICTOR OF
THE SNAP ELECTIONS, AND WAS SET
TO RETAIN THE PRESIDENCY; ON
THE SAME DAY, CORAZON C. AQUINO
LED A PEOPLE'S VICTORY RALLY AT
LUNETA AND CALLED FOR CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE, WHICH INCLUDED
THE BOYCOTTING OF KNOWN
MARCOS-CRONY INSTITUTIONS.
COMPARE
EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD 1986 TO
PRESENT
 ALL COVERED BY 1987 CONSTITUTION

A. PEOPLE POWER PRESIDENT – Corazon C. Aquino

(1986-1992)
B. CENTENNIAL PRESIDENTS- Fidel Ramos (1992-
1998) , Joseph Estrada (1998- 2001) and Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010).
C. ELECTRONIC PRESIDENTS- Benigno C. Aquino
(2010-2016) and Pres. Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-2022)
 POL-GOV
LESSON 2
THE ROLES OF DIFFERENT
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

PREPARED BY: TSUNADE SENJU

 PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
The President is both the head of state and head of
Government who is elected directly be the people
under an open and multi-party system.

3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
1.Executive Power
2.Legislative Power
3.Judicial Power
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
•Is composed of local
government units from the
provinces, cities,
municipalities and
barangays.
 PANUNUMPA NG PANGULO
• Taimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o
pinatotohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong
katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin
bilang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, pangalagaan at
ipagtanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon ,
ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging
makatarunungan sa bawat tao at itatalaga ang
aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa bansa. Kasihan
nawa ako ng Diyos.
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Legislative Power
Composed of two house of chambers
The House of the Representatives, currently
composed of 292 representatives with no more than
20% elected via party-list system, with the rest
elected from legislative districts.
Bill- to proposed law presented by
a member or committee to a
legislative body for its approval by
the majority and enactment.
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Is vested in the President
The cabinet is mostly composed of the heads of
the Executive Department and other cabinet-level
officials who are all appointed by the President.
The President is also the commander in chief of
the Armed Forces of the Forces of the Philippines
 JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
The Judiciary is composed of the
Supreme Court and Lower Courts.
SANGAY PANGHUKUMAN
1. Supreme Court
2. Court of Appeals
3. Regional Trial Court
4. Metropolitan Trial Court- City and Municipal Trial Court
 TANGING HUKUMAN
1. Court of Tax Appels
2. Sandiganbayan

TANGGAPANG LEGAL
3. Judicial and Bar Council
4. Tanodbayan or Ombudsman
 POSITION SALARY MONTHLY
TITLE GRADE SALARY
President of the 33 160,924
Philippines
Vice President of the 32 135,374
Philippines
President of the Senate 32 135,724
Speaker of the House of 32 135,724
Representatives
Chief Justice of the 32 135,724
Supreme Court
Senator 31 117,086
Member of the House of 31 117,086
Representatives
Associate Justice of the 31 117,086
Supreme Court
Chairman of a 31 117,086
Constitutional Commission
Member of a Constitutional 30 96,354
Commission
ELECTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Elections are administered by the
Commission of Elections (COMELEC).
Elections above the barangay level
are held every three years since 1992
on the second Monday of May.
“ A government is like a brand new top of the line Ferrari
driven by a 4-year old”
- Froilan Calilong
THANK YOU!